2002 AIME II 第 15 题

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15.

C1C_1C2C_2 相交于两点,其中一点是 (9,6)(9, 6),并且两圆半径的乘积为 6868xx-轴和直线 y=mxy = mx 都与两个圆相切,其中 m>0m \gt 0。已知 mm 可写成 abc\frac{a\sqrt{b}}{c} 的形式,其中 aabbcc 是正整数,bb 不被任何素数的平方整除,且 aacc 互质。求 a+b+ca + b + c

Circles C1C_1 and C2C_2 intersect at two points, one of which is (9,6),(9, 6), and the product of their radii is 68.68. The xx-axis and the line y=mx,y = mx, where m>0,m \gt 0, are tangent to both circles. It is given that mm can be written in the form abc,\frac{a\sqrt{b}}{c}, where a,a, b,b, and cc are positive integers, bb is not divisible by the square of any prime, and aa and cc are relatively prime. Find a+b+c.a + b + c.

答案:282
知识点:切线角平分线三角恒等式韦达定理
难度评级:3370
小提示:

两个圆心都在两条切线所成角的角平分线上;若该角平分线与 xx-轴的夹角为 α\alpha,则 m=tan2αm = \tan 2\alpha,且每个圆的半径为 xitanαx_i \tan \alpha

Both centers lie on the bisector of the angle between the two tangent lines; if the angle from the xx-axis to the bisector is α,\alpha, then m=tan2αm = \tan 2\alpha and each radius is xitanαx_i \tan \alpha

大提示:

(9,6)(9, 6) 代入圆方程,会得到两个圆心的 xix_i 满足同一个二次方程,所以由韦达定理 x1x2=117x_1 x_2 = 117;再结合 r1r2=68r_1 r_2 = 68

Plugging (9,6)(9, 6) into the circle equation gives the same quadratic in xix_i for both centers, so x1x2=117x_1 x_2 = 117 by Vieta; combine with r1r2=68r_1 r_2 = 68

解答:

两个圆都与 xx-轴和 y=mxy = mx 相切,所以两个圆心都在第一象限中这两条直线夹角的角平分线上。若该角平分线与 xx-轴的夹角为 α\alpha,则 m=tan2αm = \tan 2\alpha,并且每个圆心形如 (xi,xitanα)(x_i, \, x_i \tan\alpha),半径为 ri=xitanαr_i = x_i \tan\alpha(即到 xx-轴的距离)。

因为 (9,6)(9, 6) 在每个圆上,(9xi)2+(6xitanα)2(9 - x_i)^2 + (6 - x_i \tan\alpha)^2 =xi2tan2α= x_i^2 \tan^2\alpha,展开得 xi2(18+12tanα)xi+117=0 \begin{aligned} &x_i^2 - (18 + 12\tan\alpha)\,x_i + 117 \\ &= 0 \end{aligned}\text{。}x1x_1x2x_2 都满足同一个二次方程,所以由韦达定理 x1x2=117x_1 x_2 = 117。于是 r1r2r_1 r_2 =x1x2tan2α= x_1 x_2 \tan^2\alpha =117tan2α= 117 \tan^2\alpha =68= 68,所以 tan2α=68117\tan^2\alpha = \frac{68}{117},且 tanα=217313\tan\alpha = \frac{2\sqrt{17}}{3\sqrt{13}}

最后,m=2tanα1tan2α=2tanα49117=23449217313=156174913=1222149 \begin{aligned} m &= \frac{2\tan\alpha}{1 - \tan^2\alpha} \\ &= \frac{2\tan\alpha}{\frac{49}{117}} \\ &= \frac{234}{49} \cdot \frac{2\sqrt{17}}{3\sqrt{13}} \\ &= \frac{156\sqrt{17}}{49\sqrt{13}} \\ &= \frac{12\sqrt{221}}{49} \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 a+b+ca + b + c =12+221+49= 12 + 221 + 49 =282= 282

Both circles are tangent to the xx-axis and to y=mx,y = mx, so both centers lie on the bisector of the first-quadrant angle between those lines. If the angle from the xx-axis to the bisector is α,\alpha, then m=tan2α,m = \tan 2\alpha, and each center has the form (xi,xitanα)(x_i, \, x_i \tan\alpha) with radius ri=xitanαr_i = x_i \tan\alpha (its distance to the xx-axis).

Since (9,6)(9, 6) lies on each circle, (9xi)2+(6xitanα)2(9 - x_i)^2 + (6 - x_i \tan\alpha)^2 =xi2tan2α,= x_i^2 \tan^2\alpha, which expands to xi2(18+12tanα)xi+117=0. \begin{aligned} &x_i^2 - (18 + 12\tan\alpha)\,x_i + 117 \\ &= 0. \end{aligned} Both x1x_1 and x2x_2 satisfy this one quadratic, so by Vieta’s formulas x1x2=117.x_1 x_2 = 117. Then r1r2r_1 r_2 =x1x2tan2α= x_1 x_2 \tan^2\alpha =117tan2α= 117 \tan^2\alpha =68,= 68, so tan2α=68117\tan^2\alpha = \frac{68}{117} and tanα=217313.\tan\alpha = \frac{2\sqrt{17}}{3\sqrt{13}}.

Finally, m=2tanα1tan2α=2tanα49117=23449217313=156174913=1222149, \begin{aligned} m &= \frac{2\tan\alpha}{1 - \tan^2\alpha} \\ &= \frac{2\tan\alpha}{\frac{49}{117}} \\ &= \frac{234}{49} \cdot \frac{2\sqrt{17}}{3\sqrt{13}} \\ &= \frac{156\sqrt{17}}{49\sqrt{13}} \\ &= \frac{12\sqrt{221}}{49}, \end{aligned} so a+b+ca + b + c =12+221+49= 12 + 221 + 49 =282.= 282.

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