2012 AIME II 第 15 题

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15.

三角形 ABCABC 内接于圆 ω\omega,其中 AB=5AB = 5、BC=7BC = 7 且 AC=3AC = 3。角 AA 的角平分线与边 BC‾\overline{BC} 交于 DD,并与圆 ω\omega 再次交于点 EE。令 γ\gamma 为以 DE‾\overline{DE} 为直径的圆。圆 ω\omega 和 γ\gamma 交于 EE 以及另一个点 FF。于是 AF2=mnAF^2 = \frac{m}{n},其中 mm 和 nn 是互质的正整数。求 m+nm + n。

Triangle ABCABC is inscribed in circle ω\omega with AB=5,AB = 5, BC=7,BC = 7, and AC=3.AC = 3. The bisector of angle AA meets side BC‾\overline{BC} at DD and circle ω\omega at a second point E.E. Let γ\gamma be the circle with diameter DE‾.\overline{DE}. Circles ω\omega and γ\gamma meet at EE and a second point F.F. Then AF2=mn,AF^2 = \frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:919
知识点:圆圆周角角平分线坐标几何
难度评级:3500
小提示:

令 E′E' 为圆 ω\omega 上与 EE 关于圆心对称的点;半圆所对的角给出 ∠DFE=∠E′FE=90∘\angle DFE = \angle E'FE = 90^\circ,所以 FF 在直线 E′DE'D 上。

Let E′E' be diametrically opposite EE on ω;\omega; angles in semicircles give ∠DFE=∠E′FE=90∘,\angle DFE = \angle E'FE = 90^\circ, so FF lies on line E′DE'D

大提示:

取 B=(0,0)B = (0, 0),C=(7,0)C = (7, 0);这样 DD、EE、E′E' 的坐标很整齐,而 FF 可由直线 E′DE'D 与 ω\omega 的交点求出。

Place B=(0,0)B = (0, 0) and C=(7,0);C = (7, 0); then D,D, E,E, E′E' have clean coordinates, and FF comes from intersecting line E′DE'D with ω\omega

解答:

令 E′E' 为圆 ω\omega 上与 EE 关于圆心对称的点。因为 DE‾\overline{DE} 是 γ\gamma 的直径,所以 ∠DFE=90∘\angle DFE = 90^\circ;又因为 EE′‾\overline{EE'} 是 ω\omega 的直径,也有 ∠E′FE=90∘\angle E'FE = 90^\circ。于是 FDFD 和 FE′FE' 都垂直于 FEFE,所以 DD 位于直线 E′FE'F 上:点 FF 是直线 E′DE'D 与 ω\omega 的第二个交点。

设 B=(0,0)B = (0, 0),C=(7,0)C = (7, 0);则 A=(6514,15314)A = \left(\frac{65}{14}, \frac{15\sqrt{3}}{14}\right)。角平分线给出 BDDC=ABAC=53\frac{BD}{DC} = \frac{AB}{AC} = \frac{5}{3},所以 D=(358,0)D = \left(\frac{35}{8}, 0\right)。由于 EE 是不含 AA 的弧 BCBC 的中点,EE 和 E′E' 都在过圆心 O=(72,−736)O = \left(\frac{7}{2}, -\frac{7\sqrt{3}}{6}\right) 的竖直直线 x=72x = \frac{7}{2} 上,且该圆心满足 ∣OB∣=∣OA∣|OB| = |OA|,其中 R2=493R^2 = \frac{49}{3}。因此 E=(72,−732)E = \left(\frac{7}{2}, -\frac{7\sqrt{3}}{2}\right),E′=(72,736)E' = \left(\frac{7}{2}, \frac{7\sqrt{3}}{6}\right)。

从 E′E' 到 DD 的方向与 (3,−43)(3, -4\sqrt{3}) 成比例,且点 E′+t (3,−43)E' + t\,(3, -4\sqrt{3}) 在 ω\omega 上当且仅当 57t2−56t=057t^2 - 56t = 0,所以 t=5657t = \frac{56}{57} 给出 F=(24538,−105338)F = \left(\frac{245}{38}, -\frac{105\sqrt{3}}{38}\right)。于是 AF2=(240133)2+3(510133)2=83790017689=90019, \begin{aligned} AF^2 &= \left(\frac{240}{133}\right)^2 + 3\left(\frac{510}{133}\right)^2 \\ &= \frac{837900}{17689} = \frac{900}{19} \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 m+n=900+19=919m + n = 900 + 19 = 919。

Let E′E' be the point of ω\omega diametrically opposite E.E. Since DE‾\overline{DE} is a diameter of γ,\gamma, the angle ∠DFE=90∘,\angle DFE = 90^\circ, and since EE′‾\overline{EE'} is a diameter of ω,\omega, also ∠E′FE=90∘.\angle E'FE = 90^\circ. Both FDFD and FE′FE' are perpendicular to FE,FE, so DD lies on line E′F:E'F: the point FF is the second intersection of line E′DE'D with ω.\omega.

Set B=(0,0)B = (0, 0) and C=(7,0);C = (7, 0); then A=(6514,15314).A = \left(\frac{65}{14}, \frac{15\sqrt{3}}{14}\right). The bisector gives BDDC=ABAC=53,\frac{BD}{DC} = \frac{AB}{AC} = \frac{5}{3}, so D=(358,0).D = \left(\frac{35}{8}, 0\right). Since EE is the midpoint of arc BCBC not containing A,A, both EE and E′E' lie on the vertical line x=72x = \frac{7}{2} through the center O=(72,−736),O = \left(\frac{7}{2}, -\frac{7\sqrt{3}}{6}\right), which satisfies ∣OB∣=∣OA∣|OB| = |OA| with R2=493.R^2 = \frac{49}{3}. Thus E=(72,−732)E = \left(\frac{7}{2}, -\frac{7\sqrt{3}}{2}\right) and E′=(72,736).E' = \left(\frac{7}{2}, \frac{7\sqrt{3}}{6}\right).

The direction from E′E' to DD is proportional to (3,−43),(3, -4\sqrt{3}), and the point E′+t (3,−43)E' + t\,(3, -4\sqrt{3}) lies on ω\omega when 57t2−56t=0,57t^2 - 56t = 0, so t=5657t = \frac{56}{57} gives F=(24538,−105338).F = \left(\frac{245}{38}, -\frac{105\sqrt{3}}{38}\right). Then AF2=(240133)2+3(510133)2=83790017689=90019, \begin{aligned} AF^2 &= \left(\frac{240}{133}\right)^2 + 3\left(\frac{510}{133}\right)^2 \\ &= \frac{837900}{17689} = \frac{900}{19}, \end{aligned} so m+n=900+19=919.m + n = 900 + 19 = 919.

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