2007 AIME I 第 15 题

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15.

设 ABCABC 为等边三角形,点 DD 和 FF 分别在边 BCBC 和 ABAB 上,且 FA=5FA = 5,CD=2CD = 2。点 EE 在边 CACA 上,使得 ∠DEF=60∘\angle DEF = 60^\circ。三角形 DEFDEF 的面积为 14314\sqrt{3}。边长 ABAB 的两个可能值为 p±qrp \pm q\sqrt{r},其中 pp 和 qq 为有理数,rr 是不被任何质数平方整除的整数。求 rr。

Let ABCABC be an equilateral triangle, and let DD and FF be points on sides BCBC and AB,AB, respectively, with FA=5FA = 5 and CD=2.CD = 2. Point EE lies on side CACA such that ∠DEF=60∘.\angle DEF = 60^\circ. The area of triangle DEFDEF is 143.14\sqrt{3}. The two possible values of the length of side ABAB are p±qr,p \pm q\sqrt{r}, where pp and qq are rational, and rr is an integer not divisible by the square of a prime. Find r.r.

答案:989
知识点:等边三角形相似三角形面积二次方程
难度评级:3370
小提示:

令 AB=sAB = s 且 AE=tAE = t,从 [ABC][ABC] 中减去三个角上的三角形,可得 5(s−t)+2t=665(s-t) + 2t = 66

Let AB=sAB = s and AE=t,AE = t, and subtract the three corner triangles from [ABC][ABC] to get 5(s−t)+2t=665(s-t) + 2t = 66

大提示:

∠DEF=60∘\angle DEF = 60^\circ 强制 △AEF∼△CDE\triangle AEF \sim \triangle CDE,所以 t(s−t)=10t(s - t) = 10

∠DEF=60∘\angle DEF = 60^\circ forces △AEF∼△CDE,\triangle AEF \sim \triangle CDE, so t(s−t)=10t(s - t) = 10

解答:

令 s=ABs = AB 且 t=AEt = AE。利用 60∘60^\circ 角(分别位于 AA、BB、CC)以及面积公式 12xysin⁡60∘\frac{1}{2}xy\sin 60^\circ:有 [AEF]=34⋅5t[AEF] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \cdot 5t,[BFD]=34(s−5)(s−2)[BFD] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}(s-5)(s-2),且 [CDE]=34⋅2(s−t)[CDE] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \cdot 2(s-t)。从 [ABC]=34s2[ABC] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}s^2 中减去这三个面积并化简,[DEF]=34(5(s−t)+2t−10)=143,\begin{aligned} [DEF] &= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\bigl(5(s - t) + 2t - 10\bigr) \\ &= 14\sqrt{3} \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 5(s−t)+2t=665(s - t) + 2t = 66。

在 EE 处,角 ∠AEF\angle AEF 和 ∠CED\angle CED 之和为 180∘−60∘=120∘180^\circ - 60^\circ = 120^\circ,而在三角形 AEFAEF 中,角 ∠AEF\angle AEF 和 ∠AFE\angle AFE 之和也为 120∘120^\circ。因此 ∠AFE=∠CED\angle AFE = \angle CED,又因为 ∠A=∠C=60∘\angle A = \angle C = 60^\circ,三角形 AEFAEF 与 CDECDE 相似。于是 AEAF=CDCE\frac{AE}{AF} = \frac{CD}{CE} 给出 t5=2s−t\frac{t}{5} = \frac{2}{s - t},所以 t(s−t)=10t(s - t) = 10。

将 s−t=10ts - t = \frac{10}{t} 代入 5(s−t)+2t=665(s - t) + 2t = 66,得到 50t+2t=66\frac{50}{t} + 2t = 66,即 t2−33t+25=0t^2 - 33t + 25 = 0,所以 t=33±9892t = \frac{33 \pm \sqrt{989}}{2}。由 25t=33−t\frac{25}{t} = 33 - t 可得 10t=25(33−t)\frac{10}{t} = \frac{2}{5}(33 - t),因此 s=t+10t=3t+665=231±398910s = t + \frac{10}{t} = \frac{3t + 66}{5} = \frac{231 \pm 3\sqrt{989}}{10}。两个值都给出有效构型,所以 r=989r = 989。

Let s=ABs = AB and t=AE.t = AE. Using the 60∘60^\circ angles at A,A, B,B, CC and the area formula 12xysin⁡60∘:\frac{1}{2}xy\sin 60^\circ: [AEF]=34⋅5t,[AEF] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \cdot 5t, [BFD]=34(s−5)(s−2),[BFD] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}(s-5)(s-2), and [CDE]=34⋅2(s−t).[CDE] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \cdot 2(s-t). Subtracting all three from [ABC]=34s2[ABC] = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}s^2 and simplifying, [DEF]=34(5(s−t)+2t−10)=143,\begin{aligned} [DEF] &= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\bigl(5(s - t) + 2t - 10\bigr) \\ &= 14\sqrt{3}, \end{aligned} so 5(s−t)+2t=66.5(s - t) + 2t = 66.

At E,E, the angles ∠AEF\angle AEF and ∠CED\angle CED sum to 180∘−60∘=120∘,180^\circ - 60^\circ = 120^\circ, while in triangle AEFAEF the angles ∠AEF\angle AEF and ∠AFE\angle AFE also sum to 120∘.120^\circ. Hence ∠AFE=∠CED,\angle AFE = \angle CED, and since ∠A=∠C=60∘,\angle A = \angle C = 60^\circ, triangles AEFAEF and CDECDE are similar. Then AEAF=CDCE\frac{AE}{AF} = \frac{CD}{CE} gives t5=2s−t,\frac{t}{5} = \frac{2}{s - t}, so t(s−t)=10.t(s - t) = 10.

Substituting s−t=10ts - t = \frac{10}{t} into 5(s−t)+2t=665(s - t) + 2t = 66 gives 50t+2t=66,\frac{50}{t} + 2t = 66, or t2−33t+25=0,t^2 - 33t + 25 = 0, so t=33±9892.t = \frac{33 \pm \sqrt{989}}{2}. From 25t=33−t\frac{25}{t} = 33 - t we get 10t=25(33−t),\frac{10}{t} = \frac{2}{5}(33 - t), so s=t+10t=3t+665=231±398910.s = t + \frac{10}{t} = \frac{3t + 66}{5} = \frac{231 \pm 3\sqrt{989}}{10}. Both values yield valid configurations, so r=989.r = 989.

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