1989 AIME 第 15 题

先试着解答 1989 AIME 第 15 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1989 AIME 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

15.

PP 位于三角形 ABCABC 内。作线段 APDAPDBPEBPECPFCPF,其中 DDBCBC 上,EEACAC 上,FFABAB 上(见图)。已知 AP=6AP=6BP=9BP=9PD=6PD=6PE=3PE=3CF=20CF=20,求三角形 ABCABC 的面积。

Point PP is inside triangle ABC.ABC. Line segments APD,APD, BPE,BPE, and CPFCPF are drawn with DD on BC,BC, EE on AC,AC, and FF on ABAB (see the figure). Given that AP=6,AP=6, BP=9,BP=9, PD=6,PD=6, PE=3,PE=3, and CF=20,CF=20, find the area of triangle ABC.ABC.

答案:108
知识点:面积比三角形面积向量
难度评级:3060
小提示:

利用两条共点线段上的已知比例,求 PP 对顶点 AABB 的重心坐标权重

Use the two known cevian ratios to find the barycentric weights of AA and BB at PP

大提示:

PP 置于原点;所得向量关系可确定 PAPAPBPB 的夹角

Place PP at the origin; the resulting vector relation determines the angle between PAPA and PBPB

解答:

由于 AP=PDAP=PDPPAA 的重心坐标权重为 12\frac{1}{2}。又因为 BP:PE=3:1BP:PE=3:1BB 的权重为 14\frac{1}{4},所以 CC 的权重也为 14\frac{1}{4}。沿 CFCF,可得 PFCF=14\frac{PF}{CF}=\frac{1}{4},因此 PF=5PF=5,且 CP=15CP=15

PP 置于原点,并仍用 AABBCC 表示相应的位置向量。重心坐标关系为 2A+B+C=02A+B+C=0,所以 C=2ABC=-2A-B。利用 A=6|A|=6B=9|B|=9C=15|C|=15,有 225=2A+B2=4(36)+81+4AB\begin{aligned}225&=|2A+B|^2\\&=4(36)+81+4A\mathbin{\cdot}B\end{aligned}\text{,}所以 AB=0A\mathbin{\cdot}B=0。因此 PAPBPA\perp PB。展开叉积可得 (BA)×(CA)=4(A×B)(B-A)\mathbin{\times}(C-A)=4(A\mathbin{\times}B)。于是 [ABC]=2A×B=2(6)(9)=108\begin{aligned}{}[ABC]&=2|A\mathbin{\times}B|\\&=2(6)(9)=108\end{aligned}\text{。}

Since AP=PD,AP=PD, the barycentric weight of AA at PP is 12.\frac{1}{2}. Since BP:PE=3:1,BP:PE=3:1, the weight of BB is 14,\frac{1}{4}, so the weight of CC is also 14.\frac{1}{4}. Along CF,CF, this means PFCF=14,\frac{PF}{CF}=\frac{1}{4}, hence PF=5PF=5 and CP=15.CP=15.

Place PP at the origin and denote the position vectors A,A, B,B, and CC by the same letters. The barycentric relation is 2A+B+C=0.2A+B+C=0. Thus C=2AB.C=-2A-B. Using A=6,|A|=6, B=9,|B|=9, and C=15,|C|=15, 225=2A+B2=4(36)+81+4AB,\begin{aligned}225&=|2A+B|^2\\&=4(36)+81+4A\mathbin{\cdot}B,\end{aligned} so AB=0.A\mathbin{\cdot}B=0. Therefore PAPB.PA\perp PB. Expanding the cross product gives (BA)×(CA)=4(A×B).(B-A)\mathbin{\times}(C-A)=4(A\mathbin{\times}B). Consequently, [ABC]=2A×B=2(6)(9)=108.\begin{aligned}{}[ABC]&=2|A\mathbin{\times}B|\\&=2(6)(9)=108.\end{aligned}

← 第 14 题#14
完整试卷

其他年份的第 15 题