1996 AIME 第 11 题

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11.

PP 为方程 z6+z4+z3+z2+1=0z^6+z^4+z^3+z^2+1=0 的所有虚部为正的根之积,并设 P=r(cosθ+isinθ)P=r(\cos\theta^\circ+i\sin\theta^\circ),其中 r>0r>0,且 0θ<3600\leq\theta<360。求 θ\theta

Let PP be the product of the roots of z6+z4+z3+z2+1=0z^6+z^4+z^3+z^2+1=0 that have positive imaginary part, and suppose that P=r(cosθ+isinθ),P=r(\cos\theta^\circ+i\sin\theta^\circ), where r>0r>0 and 0θ<360.0\leq\theta<360. Find θ.\theta.

答案:276
知识点:复数单位根因式分解
难度评级:2270
小提示:

除以 z3z^3,并令 w=z+z1w=z+z^{-1}

Divide by z3z^3 and set w=z+z1w=z+z^{-1}

大提示:

将所得关于 ww 的三次式因式分解,并把每个值识别为 2cosϕ2\cos\phi

Factor the resulting cubic in ww and identify each value as 2cosϕ2\cos\phi

解答:

没有根为零。除以 z3z^3,并令 w=z+z1w=z+z^{-1},得到 w32w+1=0,(w1)(w2+w1)=0\begin{aligned}w^3-2w+1&=0,\\{}(w-1)(w^2+w-1)&=0\end{aligned}\text{。}它的三个根为 1=2cos60,512=2cos72,1+52=2cos144\begin{aligned}1&=2\cos60^\circ,\\\frac{\sqrt5-1}{2}&=2\cos72^\circ,\\-\frac{1+\sqrt5}{2}&=2\cos144^\circ\end{aligned}\text{。}对于每个 w=2cosϕw=2\cos\phi,原方程的对应根为 eiϕe^{i\phi}eiϕe^{-i\phi}。因此虚部为正的三个根的辐角分别为 6060^\circ7272^\circ144144^\circ。它们的乘积的辐角为 60+72+144=27660+72+144=276^\circ,所以 θ=276\theta=276

No root is zero. Dividing by z3z^3 and setting w=z+z1w=z+z^{-1} gives w32w+1=0,(w1)(w2+w1)=0.\begin{aligned}w^3-2w+1&=0,\\{}(w-1)(w^2+w-1)&=0.\end{aligned} Its three roots are 1=2cos60,512=2cos72,1+52=2cos144.\begin{aligned}1&=2\cos60^\circ,\\\frac{\sqrt5-1}{2}&=2\cos72^\circ,\\-\frac{1+\sqrt5}{2}&=2\cos144^\circ.\end{aligned} For each value w=2cosϕ,w=2\cos\phi, the corresponding roots of the original equation are eiϕe^{i\phi} and eiϕ.e^{-i\phi}. Thus the roots with positive imaginary part have arguments 60,60^\circ, 72,72^\circ, and 144.144^\circ. Their product has argument 60+72+144=276,60+72+144=276^\circ, so θ=276.\theta=276.

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