1991 AIME 第 11 题

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11.

在半径为 11 的圆 CC 上放置十二个全等圆盘,使这十二个圆盘覆盖 CC,任意两个圆盘的内部互不重叠,并且每个圆盘都与相邻的两个圆盘相切。所得排列如下图所示。十二个圆盘的面积之和可写成 π(abc)\pi(a-b\sqrt c) 的形式,其中 aabbcc 是正整数,且 cc 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 a+b+ca+b+c

Twelve congruent disks are placed on a circle CC of radius 11 in such a way that the twelve disks cover C,C, no two of the disks overlap, and so that each of the twelve disks is tangent to its two neighbors. The resulting arrangement of disks is shown in the figure below. The sum of the areas of the twelve disks can be written in the form π(abc),\pi(a-b\sqrt c), where a,a, b,b, cc are positive integers and cc is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find a+b+c.a+b+c.

答案:135
知识点:相切圆特殊直角三角形
难度评级:2200
小提示:

CC 的圆心分别连接到两个相邻圆盘的圆心及其切点。

Join the center of CC to the centers and tangency point of two neighboring disks

大提示:

所得直角三角形有一个角为 1515^\circ,其邻边长为 11,对边长等于圆盘半径。

The resulting right triangle has angle 1515^\circ, adjacent leg 11, and opposite leg equal to a disk radius

解答:

OOCC 的圆心,UUVV 为两个相邻圆盘的圆心,TT 为它们的切点。由 1212 重对称性,UOV=30\angle UOV=30^\circ,且 OTOT 平分这个角。另外,TTUV\overline{UV} 的中点,所以三角形 OUTOUTTT 处为直角。因为 TT 位于 CC 上,所以 OT=1OT=1,而 UTUT 是圆盘半径 rr。因此 r=tan15=23r=\tan15^\circ=2-\sqrt3\text{。}总面积为 12πr2=12π(743)=π(84483)\begin{aligned}12\pi r^2&=12\pi(7-4\sqrt3)\\&=\pi(84-48\sqrt3)\end{aligned}\text{。}所以 a+b+c=84+48+3=135a+b+c=84+48+3=135

Let OO be the center of C,C, let UU and VV be the centers of two neighboring disks, and let TT be their tangency point. By the 1212-fold symmetry, UOV=30,\angle UOV=30^\circ, and OTOT bisects that angle. Also TT is the midpoint of UV,\overline{UV}, so triangle OUTOUT is right at T.T. Since TT lies on C,C, OT=1,OT=1, while UTUT is the disk radius r.r. Thus r=tan15=23.r=\tan15^\circ=2-\sqrt3. The total area is 12πr2=12π(743)=π(84483).\begin{aligned}12\pi r^2&=12\pi(7-4\sqrt3)\\&=\pi(84-48\sqrt3).\end{aligned} Therefore a+b+c=84+48+3=135.a+b+c=84+48+3=135.

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