2018 AIME II 第 9 题

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9.

八边形 ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH 的边长满足 AB=CD=EF=GH=10AB = CD = EF = GH = 10,且 BC=DE=FG=HA=11BC = DE = FG = HA = 11。它由一个 23×2723 \times 27 矩形的四个角各切去一个 66-88-1010 三角形形成,其中边 AH\overline{AH} 位于矩形的一条短边上,如图所示。设 JJAH\overline{AH} 的中点,并作线段 JB\overline{JB}JC\overline{JC}JD\overline{JD}JE\overline{JE}JF\overline{JF}JG\overline{JG},把八边形分成 77 个三角形。求以这 77 个三角形的重心为顶点的凸多边形面积。

Octagon ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH with side lengths AB=CD=EF=GH=10AB = CD = EF = GH = 10 and BC=DE=FG=HA=11BC = DE = FG = HA = 11 is formed by removing four 66-88-1010 triangles from the corners of a 23×2723 \times 27 rectangle with side AH\overline{AH} on a short side of the rectangle, as shown. Let JJ be the midpoint of AH,\overline{AH}, and partition the octagon into 77 triangles by drawing segments JB,\overline{JB}, JC,\overline{JC}, JD,\overline{JD}, JE,\overline{JE}, JF,\overline{JF}, and JG.\overline{JG}. Find the area of the convex polygon whose vertices are the centroids of these 77 triangles.

答案:184
知识点:重心位似坐标几何面积分割
难度评级:2920
小提示:

每个三角形都有共同顶点 JJ,所以每个重心都位于从 JJ 到对边中点的线段上,且位于这条线段的三分之二处

Every triangle has vertex J,J, so each centroid lies two-thirds of the way from JJ to the midpoint of the opposite side

大提示:

重心七边形是那些中点组成的七边形以 JJ 为中心、按 23\frac{2}{3} 倍缩放所得,所以它的面积是中点七边形面积的 49\frac{4}{9}

The centroid heptagon is the heptagon of those midpoints dilated by 23\frac{2}{3} about J,J, so its area is 49\frac{4}{9} of the midpoint heptagon’s area

解答:

77 个三角形都以 JJ 为一个顶点。三角形 JVWJVW 的重心位于从 JJVW\overline{VW} 中点的线段上,且位于这条线段的三分之二处。因此,重心七边形是由 AB,BC,,GH\overline{AB}, \overline{BC}, \ldots, \overline{GH} 的中点构成的七边形 SSJJ 为中心、按 23\frac{2}{3} 的比例缩放所得的图形,其面积为 49[S]\frac{4}{9}[S]

放置矩形,使 A=(0,6)A = (0, 6)B=(8,0)B = (8, 0)C=(19,0)C = (19, 0)D=(27,6)D = (27, 6)E=(27,17)E = (27, 17)F=(19,23)F = (19, 23)G=(8,23)G = (8, 23)H=(0,17)H = (0, 17),所以 J=(0,232)J = (0, \tfrac{23}{2})。这些中点为 (4,3)(4, 3)(272,0)(\tfrac{27}{2}, 0)(23,3)(23, 3)(27,232)(27, \tfrac{23}{2})(23,20)(23, 20)(272,23)(\tfrac{27}{2}, 23)(4,20)(4, 20)。在 x=4x = 4x=272x = \tfrac{27}{2}x=23x = 23 处的竖直截段长度分别为 171723231717,将 SS 分成两个高为 192\tfrac{19}{2} 的梯形和一个高为 44 的三角形:[S]=217+232192+1742=380+34=414 \begin{aligned} [S] &= 2 \cdot \frac{17 + 23}{2} \cdot \frac{19}{2} \\ &\quad {}+ \frac{17 \cdot 4}{2} \\ &= 380 + 34 = 414 \end{aligned}\text{。}

所求面积为 49414=184\frac{4}{9} \cdot 414 = 184

Each of the 77 triangles has JJ as a vertex, and the centroid of a triangle JVWJVW lies on the segment from JJ to the midpoint of VW,\overline{VW}, two-thirds of the way out. So the centroid heptagon is the image of the heptagon SS formed by the midpoints of AB,BC,,GH\overline{AB}, \overline{BC}, \ldots, \overline{GH} under a dilation centered at JJ with ratio 23,\frac{2}{3}, and its area is 49[S].\frac{4}{9}[S].

Place the rectangle with A=(0,6),A = (0, 6), B=(8,0),B = (8, 0), C=(19,0),C = (19, 0), D=(27,6),D = (27, 6), E=(27,17),E = (27, 17), F=(19,23),F = (19, 23), G=(8,23),G = (8, 23), H=(0,17),H = (0, 17), so J=(0,232).J = (0, \tfrac{23}{2}). The midpoints are (4,3),(4, 3), (272,0),(\tfrac{27}{2}, 0), (23,3),(23, 3), (27,232),(27, \tfrac{23}{2}), (23,20),(23, 20), (272,23),(\tfrac{27}{2}, 23), (4,20).(4, 20). The vertical segments at x=4,x = 4, x=272,x = \tfrac{27}{2}, and x=23x = 23 have lengths 17,17, 23,23, and 17,17, cutting SS into two trapezoids of height 192\tfrac{19}{2} and a triangle of height 4:4: [S]=217+232192+1742=380+34=414. \begin{aligned} [S] &= 2 \cdot \frac{17 + 23}{2} \cdot \frac{19}{2} \\ &\quad {}+ \frac{17 \cdot 4}{2} \\ &= 380 + 34 = 414. \end{aligned}

The requested area is 49414=184.\frac{4}{9} \cdot 414 = 184.

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