Solution:

In exponential form the equation says $(24 \sin x)^{3/2} = 24 \cos x.$ Squaring gives $24^3 \sin^3 x = 24^2 \cos^2 x,$ so $\cos^2 x = 24 \sin^3 x.$

Writing $s = \sin x$ and using $\cos^2 x = 1 - s^2,$ we get $24s^3 + s^2 - 1 = 0,$ which factors as $(3s - 1)(8s^2 + 3s + 1) = 0.$ The quadratic factor has negative discriminant, so $\sin x = \frac{1}{3}.$

Then $$24 \cot^2 x = 24 \cdot \frac{1 - \sin^2 x}{\sin^2 x} = 24 \cdot \frac{8/9}{1/9} = 24 \cdot 8 = 192.$$