2022 AIME I 第 7 题

先试着解答 2022 AIME I 第 7 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2022 AIME I 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

7.

aabbccddeeffgghhii 是从 1199 中取出的互不相同的整数。式子 abcdefghi\frac{a \cdot b \cdot c - d \cdot e \cdot f}{g \cdot h \cdot i} 的最小正值可写成 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质正整数。求 m+nm + n

Let a,a, b,b, c,c, d,d, e,e, f,f, g,g, h,h, ii be distinct integers from 11 to 9.9. The minimum possible positive value of abcdefghi\frac{a \cdot b \cdot c - d \cdot e \cdot f}{g \cdot h \cdot i} can be written as mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:289
知识点:最优化极端原理极限情形界定
难度评级:2560
小提示:

目标是让分子为 11:寻找两个由不同数字组成的三元组,使它们的乘积恰好相差 11

Aim for a numerator of 1:1: look for two triples of distinct digits whose products differ by exactly 11

大提示:

把剩下最大的三个数字留给分母,再通过证明更大的分母会迫使分子差至少为 22 来排除它们

Save the three largest leftover digits for the denominator, then rule out bigger denominators by showing they force a numerator difference of at least 22

解答:

先尝试让分子等于 11,同时把较大的数字留在分母中。乘积 236=362 \cdot 3 \cdot 6 = 36157=351 \cdot 5 \cdot 7 = 35 相差 11,并留下 4,8,94, 8, 9 作分母,给出 3635489=1288\frac{36 - 35}{4 \cdot 8 \cdot 9} = \frac{1}{288}\text{。}

若要更小,就需要分子为 11 且分母大于 288288。超过 288288 的分母依次为 504504432432360360378378315315336336,分别来自 {7,8,9}\{7,8,9\}{6,8,9}\{6,8,9\}{5,8,9}\{5,8,9\}{6,7,9}\{6,7,9\}{5,7,9}\{5,7,9\}{6,7,8}\{6,7,8\}。在每种情况下,把剩余六个数字分成两个三元组,最小的正分子差依次为 662288224466。由此得到的下界 6504,2432,8360,2378,4315,6336\begin{aligned}&\frac{6}{504},\quad \frac{2}{432},\quad \frac{8}{360},\\&\frac{2}{378},\quad \frac{4}{315},\quad \frac{6}{336}\end{aligned} 都大于 1288\frac{1}{288}

所以最小正值为 1288\frac{1}{288},且 m+n=1+288=289m + n = 1 + 288 = 289

Try to make the numerator equal to 11 while keeping large digits in the denominator. The products 236=362 \cdot 3 \cdot 6 = 36 and 157=351 \cdot 5 \cdot 7 = 35 differ by 11 and leave 4,8,94, 8, 9 for the denominator, giving the value 3635489=1288.\frac{36 - 35}{4 \cdot 8 \cdot 9} = \frac{1}{288}.

To beat this, a fraction would need numerator 11 with denominator greater than 288.288. The denominators exceeding 288288 are 504,504, 432,432, 360,360, 378,378, 315,315, and 336,336, coming respectively from {7,8,9},\{7,8,9\}, {6,8,9},\{6,8,9\}, {5,8,9},\{5,8,9\}, {6,7,9},\{6,7,9\}, {5,7,9},\{5,7,9\}, and {6,7,8}.\{6,7,8\}. Splitting the remaining six digits into two triples, the smallest positive numerator differences are respectively 6,6, 2,2, 8,8, 2,2, 4,4, and 6.6. The resulting lower bounds 6504,2432,8360,2378,4315,6336\begin{aligned}&\frac{6}{504},\quad \frac{2}{432},\quad \frac{8}{360},\\&\frac{2}{378},\quad \frac{4}{315},\quad \frac{6}{336}\end{aligned} all exceed 1288.\frac{1}{288}.

So the minimum positive value is 1288,\frac{1}{288}, and m+n=1+288=289.m + n = 1 + 288 = 289.

第 6 题#6
完整试卷

其他年份的第 7 题