2024 AIME I 第 7 题

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7.

求表达式(75+117i)z+96+144iz(75 + 117\mathrm{i})z + \frac{96 + 144\mathrm{i}}{z}实部的最大可能值,其中 zz 是满足 z=4|z| = 4 的复数。这里 i=1\mathrm{i} = \sqrt{-1}

Find the largest possible real part of (75+117i)z+96+144iz(75 + 117\mathrm{i})z + \frac{96 + 144\mathrm{i}}{z} where zz is a complex number with z=4.|z| = 4. Here i=1.\mathrm{i} = \sqrt{-1}.

答案:540
知识点:复数三角恒等式最优化
难度评级:2410
小提示:

写作 z=4(cosθ+isinθ)z = 4(\cos\theta + \mathrm{i}\sin\theta),并分别取每一项的实部

Write z=4(cosθ+isinθ)z = 4(\cos\theta + \mathrm{i}\sin\theta) and take the real part of each term

大提示:

你会得到形如 acosθ+bsinθa\cos\theta + b\sin\theta 的表达式,其最大值为 a2+b2\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}

You get an expression of the form acosθ+bsinθ,a\cos\theta + b\sin\theta, whose maximum is a2+b2\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}

解答:

z=4(cosθ+isinθ)z = 4(\cos\theta + \mathrm{i}\sin\theta),所以 1z=14(cosθisinθ)\frac{1}{z} = \frac{1}{4}(\cos\theta - \mathrm{i}\sin\theta)(75+117i)z(75 + 117\mathrm{i})z 的实部为 4(75cosθ117sinθ)4(75\cos\theta - 117\sin\theta) =300cosθ468sinθ= 300\cos\theta - 468\sin\theta,而 (96+144i)14(cosθisinθ)(96 + 144\mathrm{i}) \cdot \frac{1}{4}(\cos\theta - \mathrm{i}\sin\theta) 的实部为 24cosθ+36sinθ24\cos\theta + 36\sin\theta

总实部为 324cosθ432sinθ324\cos\theta - 432\sin\theta,它关于 θ\theta 的最大值是 3242+4322=10832+42=1085=540 \begin{aligned} &\sqrt{324^2 + 432^2} \\ &= 108\sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} \\ &= 108 \cdot 5 = 540 \end{aligned}\text{。}

Write z=4(cosθ+isinθ),z = 4(\cos\theta + \mathrm{i}\sin\theta), so 1z=14(cosθisinθ).\frac{1}{z} = \frac{1}{4}(\cos\theta - \mathrm{i}\sin\theta). The real part of (75+117i)z(75 + 117\mathrm{i})z is 4(75cosθ117sinθ)4(75\cos\theta - 117\sin\theta) =300cosθ468sinθ,= 300\cos\theta - 468\sin\theta, and the real part of (96+144i)14(cosθisinθ)(96 + 144\mathrm{i}) \cdot \frac{1}{4}(\cos\theta - \mathrm{i}\sin\theta) is 24cosθ+36sinθ.24\cos\theta + 36\sin\theta.

The total real part is 324cosθ432sinθ,324\cos\theta - 432\sin\theta, whose maximum over θ\theta is 3242+4322=10832+42=1085=540. \begin{aligned} &\sqrt{324^2 + 432^2} \\ &= 108\sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} \\ &= 108 \cdot 5 = 540. \end{aligned}

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