1994 AIME 第 3 题

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3.

函数 ff 满足:对每个实数 xx,都有 f(x)+f(x1)=x2f(x)+f(x-1)=x^2\text{。}f(19)=94f(19)=94,那么 f(94)f(94) 除以 10001000 的余数是多少?

The function ff has the property that, for each real number x,x, f(x)+f(x1)=x2.f(x)+f(x-1)=x^2. If f(19)=94,f(19)=94, what is the remainder when f(94)f(94) is divided by 1000?1000?

答案:561
知识点:递推求和模运算
难度评级:1900
小提示:

先代入 x=20x=20 求出 f(20)f(20)

First use x=20x=20 to find f(20)f(20)

大提示:

通过推导从 f(x)f(x)f(x2)f(x-2) 的递推关系来消去交替出现的项

Eliminate alternating terms by deriving a recurrence from f(x)f(x) to f(x2)f(x-2)

解答:

首先,f(20)=202f(19)=306f(20)=20^2-f(19)=306。连续代入两步可得 f(x)=x2(x1)2+f(x2)=2x1+f(x2)\begin{aligned}f(x)&=x^2-(x-1)^2+f(x-2)\\&=2x-1+f(x-2)\end{aligned}\text{。}因此 f(94)=306+j=1147(4j1)=306+4(1073)37=4561\begin{aligned}f(94)&=306+\sum_{j=11}^{47}(4j-1)\\&=306+4(1073)-37\\&=4561\end{aligned}\text{。}所求余数为 561561

First f(20)=202f(19)=306.f(20)=20^2-f(19)=306. Subtracting through two steps gives f(x)=x2(x1)2+f(x2)=2x1+f(x2).\begin{aligned}f(x)&=x^2-(x-1)^2+f(x-2)\\&=2x-1+f(x-2).\end{aligned} Therefore f(94)=306+j=1147(4j1)=306+4(1073)37=4561.\begin{aligned}f(94)&=306+\sum_{j=11}^{47}(4j-1)\\&=306+4(1073)-37\\&=4561.\end{aligned} The requested remainder is 561.561.

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