2001 AIME II 第 3 题

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3.

前四项为 x1=211x_1 = 211x2=375x_2 = 375x3=420x_3 = 420x4=523x_4 = 523。对 n5n \ge 5,有 xn=xn1xn2+xn3xn4 \begin{aligned} x_n &= x_{n-1} - x_{n-2} \\ &\quad {}+ x_{n-3} - x_{n-4} \end{aligned}\text{。}x531+x753+x975x_{531} + x_{753} + x_{975} 的值。

The first four terms are x1=211,x_1 = 211, x2=375,x_2 = 375, x3=420,x_3 = 420, and x4=523.x_4 = 523. For n5,n \ge 5, xn=xn1xn2+xn3xn4. \begin{aligned} x_n &= x_{n-1} - x_{n-2} \\ &\quad {}+ x_{n-3} - x_{n-4}. \end{aligned} Find the value of x531+x753+x975.x_{531} + x_{753} + x_{975}.

答案:898
知识点:递推找规律
难度评级:2070
小提示:

xn1x_{n-1} 的递推式代入 xnx_n 的公式,可得 xn=xn5x_n = -x_{n-5}

Substitute the recurrence for xn1x_{n-1} into the formula for xnx_n to get xn=xn5x_n = -x_{n-5}

大提示:

该数列以 1010 为周期,所以把每个下标模 1010 化简,并用已知值算出 x5x_5

The sequence repeats with period 10,10, so reduce each subscript mod 1010 and compute x5x_5 from the given values

解答:

n6n \ge 6 时,将 xn1x_{n-1} 的递推式代入:xn=(xn2xn3+xn4xn5)xn2+xn3xn4=xn5 \begin{aligned} x_n &= \\ &(x_{n-2} - x_{n-3} + x_{n-4} - x_{n-5}) \\ &\quad {}- x_{n-2} \\ &\quad {}+ x_{n-3} - x_{n-4} \\ &= -x_{n-5} \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 xn+10=xn+5=xnx_{n+10} = -x_{n+5} = x_n,所以数列周期为 1010

531531753753975975 除以 1010 的余数分别为 113355,所以 x531=x1=211x_{531} = x_1 = 211x753=x3=420x_{753} = x_3 = 420,且 x975=x5x_{975} = x_5 =x4x3+x2x1= x_4 - x_3 + x_2 - x_1 =523420+375211= 523 - 420 + 375 - 211 =267= 267

所求和为 211+420+267=898211 + 420 + 267 = 898

For n6,n \ge 6, substitute the recurrence for xn1:x_{n-1}: xn=(xn2xn3+xn4xn5)xn2+xn3xn4=xn5. \begin{aligned} x_n &= \\ &(x_{n-2} - x_{n-3} + x_{n-4} - x_{n-5}) \\ &\quad {}- x_{n-2} \\ &\quad {}+ x_{n-3} - x_{n-4} \\ &= -x_{n-5}. \end{aligned} Hence xn+10=xn+5=xn,x_{n+10} = -x_{n+5} = x_n, so the sequence has period 10.10.

Since 531,531, 753,753, and 975975 leave remainders 1,1, 3,3, and 55 upon division by 10,10, we get x531=x1=211,x_{531} = x_1 = 211, x753=x3=420,x_{753} = x_3 = 420, and x975=x5x_{975} = x_5 =x4x3+x2x1= x_4 - x_3 + x_2 - x_1 =523420+375211= 523 - 420 + 375 - 211 =267.= 267.

The sum is 211+420+267=898.211 + 420 + 267 = 898.

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