2022 AIME I 第 3 题

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3.

在等腰梯形 ABCDABCD 中,平行底边 AB\overline{AB}CD\overline{CD} 的长度分别为 500500650650,且 AD=BC=333AD = BC = 333A\angle AD\angle D 的角平分线相交于 PPB\angle BC\angle C 的角平分线相交于 QQ。求 PQPQ

In isosceles trapezoid ABCD,ABCD, parallel bases AB\overline{AB} and CD\overline{CD} have lengths 500500 and 650,650, respectively, and AD=BC=333.AD = BC = 333. The angle bisectors of A\angle A and D\angle D meet at P,P, and the angle bisectors of B\angle B and C\angle C meet at Q.Q. Find PQ.PQ.

答案:242
知识点:角平分线梯形等腰三角形
难度评级:2390
小提示:

A\angle A 的角平分线与 CD\overline{CD} 交于 AA':内错角说明三角形 ADAADA' 是等腰三角形,且 DA=333DA' = 333

Let the bisector of A\angle A meet CD\overline{CD} at A:A': alternate interior angles make triangle ADAADA' isosceles with DA=333DA' = 333

大提示:

在等腰三角形 ADAADA' 中,从 DD 出发的角平分线也是中线,所以 PPAAAA' 的中点;对 QQ 同理,再使用坐标

In isosceles triangle ADA,ADA', the bisector from DD is also the median, so PP is the midpoint of AA.AA'. Do the same for QQ and use coordinates.

解答:

A\angle A 的角平分线与 CD\overline{CD} 交于 AA'。因为 ABCD\overline{AB} \parallel \overline{CD},有 DAA=AAB=AAD\angle DA'A = \angle A'AB = \angle A'AD,所以三角形 ADAADA' 是等腰三角形,且 DA=DA=333DA' = DA = 333。于是 D\angle D 的角平分线也是这个三角形中从 DD 出发的中线,因此同时位于两条角平分线上的 PPAA\overline{AA'} 的中点。类似地,QQBB\overline{BB'} 的中点,其中 BB'CD\overline{CD} 上且 CB=333CB' = 333

D=(0,0)D = (0, 0)C=(650,0)C = (650, 0),则对适当的高 hhA=(75,h)A = (75, h)B=(575,h)B = (575, h)。于是 A=(333,0)A' = (333, 0),且 B=(650333,0)=(317,0)B' = (650 - 333, 0) = (317, 0),所以 P=(75+3332,h2)=(204,h2) \begin{aligned} P &= \left(\frac{75 + 333}{2}, \frac{h}{2}\right) \\ &= \left(204, \frac{h}{2}\right) \end{aligned}\text{,}Q=(575+3172,h2)=(446,h2) \begin{aligned} Q &= \left(\frac{575 + 317}{2}, \frac{h}{2}\right) \\ &= \left(446, \frac{h}{2}\right) \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此 PQ=446204=242PQ = 446 - 204 = 242

Let the bisector of A\angle A meet CD\overline{CD} at A.A'. Since ABCD,\overline{AB} \parallel \overline{CD}, we have DAA=AAB=AAD,\angle DA'A = \angle A'AB = \angle A'AD, so triangle ADAADA' is isosceles with DA=DA=333.DA' = DA = 333. The bisector of D\angle D is then the median from DD in this triangle, so P,P, which lies on both bisectors, is the midpoint of AA.\overline{AA'}. Symmetrically, QQ is the midpoint of BB,\overline{BB'}, where BB' is on CD\overline{CD} with CB=333.CB' = 333.

Place D=(0,0)D = (0, 0) and C=(650,0),C = (650, 0), so A=(75,h)A = (75, h) and B=(575,h)B = (575, h) for the appropriate height h.h. Then A=(333,0)A' = (333, 0) and B=(650333,0)=(317,0),B' = (650 - 333, 0) = (317, 0), so P=(75+3332,h2)=(204,h2), \begin{aligned} P &= \left(\frac{75 + 333}{2}, \frac{h}{2}\right) \\ &= \left(204, \frac{h}{2}\right), \end{aligned} Q=(575+3172,h2)=(446,h2). \begin{aligned} Q &= \left(\frac{575 + 317}{2}, \frac{h}{2}\right) \\ &= \left(446, \frac{h}{2}\right). \end{aligned}

Therefore PQ=446204=242.PQ = 446 - 204 = 242.

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