2022 AIME I 第 3 题

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3.

在等腰梯形 ABCDABCD 中,平行底边 AB‾\overline{AB} 与 CD‾\overline{CD} 的长度分别为 500500 和 650650,且 AD=BC=333AD = BC = 333。∠A\angle A 与 ∠D\angle D 的角平分线相交于 PP,∠B\angle B 与 ∠C\angle C 的角平分线相交于 QQ。求 PQPQ。

In isosceles trapezoid ABCD,ABCD, parallel bases AB‾\overline{AB} and CD‾\overline{CD} have lengths 500500 and 650,650, respectively, and AD=BC=333.AD = BC = 333. The angle bisectors of ∠A\angle A and ∠D\angle D meet at P,P, and the angle bisectors of ∠B\angle B and ∠C\angle C meet at Q.Q. Find PQ.PQ.

答案:242
知识点:角平分线梯形等腰三角形
难度评级:2390
小提示:

设 ∠A\angle A 的角平分线与 CD‾\overline{CD} 交于 A′A':内错角说明三角形 ADA′ADA' 是等腰三角形,且 DA′=333DA' = 333

Let the bisector of ∠A\angle A meet CD‾\overline{CD} at A′:A': alternate interior angles make triangle ADA′ADA' isosceles with DA′=333DA' = 333

大提示:

在等腰三角形 ADA′ADA' 中,从 DD 出发的角平分线也是中线,所以 PP 是 AA′AA' 的中点;对 QQ 同理,再使用坐标

In isosceles triangle ADA′,ADA', the bisector from DD is also the median, so PP is the midpoint of AA′.AA'. Do the same for QQ and use coordinates.

解答:

设 ∠A\angle A 的角平分线与 CD‾\overline{CD} 交于 A′A'。因为 AB‾∥CD‾\overline{AB} \parallel \overline{CD},有 ∠DA′A=∠A′AB=∠A′AD\angle DA'A = \angle A'AB = \angle A'AD,所以三角形 ADA′ADA' 是等腰三角形,且 DA′=DA=333DA' = DA = 333。于是 ∠D\angle D 的角平分线也是这个三角形中从 DD 出发的中线,因此同时位于两条角平分线上的 PP 是 AA′‾\overline{AA'} 的中点。类似地,QQ 是 BB′‾\overline{BB'} 的中点,其中 B′B' 在 CD‾\overline{CD} 上且 CB′=333CB' = 333。

令 D=(0,0)D = (0, 0)、C=(650,0)C = (650, 0),则对适当的高 hh 有 A=(75,h)A = (75, h) 和 B=(575,h)B = (575, h)。于是 A′=(333,0)A' = (333, 0),且 B′=(650−333,0)=(317,0)B' = (650 - 333, 0) = (317, 0),所以 P=(75+3332,h2)=(204,h2), \begin{aligned} P &= \left(\frac{75 + 333}{2}, \frac{h}{2}\right) \\ &= \left(204, \frac{h}{2}\right) \end{aligned}\text{,}Q=(575+3172,h2)=(446,h2)。 \begin{aligned} Q &= \left(\frac{575 + 317}{2}, \frac{h}{2}\right) \\ &= \left(446, \frac{h}{2}\right) \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此 PQ=446−204=242PQ = 446 - 204 = 242。

Let the bisector of ∠A\angle A meet CD‾\overline{CD} at A′.A'. Since AB‾∥CD‾,\overline{AB} \parallel \overline{CD}, we have ∠DA′A=∠A′AB=∠A′AD,\angle DA'A = \angle A'AB = \angle A'AD, so triangle ADA′ADA' is isosceles with DA′=DA=333.DA' = DA = 333. The bisector of ∠D\angle D is then the median from DD in this triangle, so P,P, which lies on both bisectors, is the midpoint of AA′‾.\overline{AA'}. Symmetrically, QQ is the midpoint of BB′‾,\overline{BB'}, where B′B' is on CD‾\overline{CD} with CB′=333.CB' = 333.

Place D=(0,0)D = (0, 0) and C=(650,0),C = (650, 0), so A=(75,h)A = (75, h) and B=(575,h)B = (575, h) for the appropriate height h.h. Then A′=(333,0)A' = (333, 0) and B′=(650−333,0)=(317,0),B' = (650 - 333, 0) = (317, 0), so P=(75+3332,h2)=(204,h2), \begin{aligned} P &= \left(\frac{75 + 333}{2}, \frac{h}{2}\right) \\ &= \left(204, \frac{h}{2}\right), \end{aligned} Q=(575+3172,h2)=(446,h2). \begin{aligned} Q &= \left(\frac{575 + 317}{2}, \frac{h}{2}\right) \\ &= \left(446, \frac{h}{2}\right). \end{aligned}

Therefore PQ=446−204=242.PQ = 446 - 204 = 242.

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