2022 AIME I Problem 4

Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 4 of the 2022 AIME I, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2022 AIME I solutions, or check the answer key.

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Concepts:complex numberDe Moivre’s Theoremmodular arithmetic

Difficulty rating: 2300

4.

Let w=3+i2w = \frac{\sqrt{3} + i}{2} and z=1+i32,z = \frac{-1 + i\sqrt{3}}{2}, where i=1.i = \sqrt{-1}. Find the number of ordered pairs (r,s)(r, s) of positive integers not exceeding 100100 that satisfy the equation iwr=zs.i \cdot w^r = z^s.

Solution:

Both ww and zz have modulus 1:1: in polar form w=cis30w = \operatorname{cis} 30^\circ and z=cis120,z = \operatorname{cis} 120^\circ, while i=cis90.i = \operatorname{cis} 90^\circ. The equation iwr=zsi \cdot w^r = z^s is therefore a statement about arguments: 90+30r120s(mod360),i.e.r+34s(mod12).90 + 30r \equiv 120s \pmod{360}, \qquad \text{i.e.} \qquad r + 3 \equiv 4s \pmod{12}.

For each s,s, this determines r(mod12):r \pmod{12}: the residue 4s34s - 3 is 1,1, 5,5, or 99 modulo 1212 according as s1,s \equiv 1, 2,2, or 0(mod3).0 \pmod 3. Among 1r1001 \le r \le 100 there are 99 values with r1(mod12)r \equiv 1 \pmod{12} and 88 values each with r5r \equiv 5 or r9(mod12).r \equiv 9 \pmod{12}. Among 1s1001 \le s \le 100 there are 3434 values with s1(mod3)s \equiv 1 \pmod 3 and 3333 values in each of the other two classes.

The count is 349+338+338=306+264+264=834.34 \cdot 9 + 33 \cdot 8 + 33 \cdot 8 = 306 + 264 + 264 = 834.

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