1999 AIME 第 4 题

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4.

图中两个正方形有同一个中心 OO,且边长都是 11AB\overline{AB} 的长度为 4399\frac{43}{99},八边形 ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH 的面积为 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数。求 m+nm + n

The two squares shown share the same center OO and have sides of length 1.1. The length of AB\overline{AB} is 4399\frac{43}{99} and the area of octagon ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH is mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:185
知识点:正方形(几何)面积分割对称性
难度评级:2350
小提示:

由交换两个正方形的对称性以及 9090^\circ 旋转对称性可知,八边形的八条边全都相等

By the symmetries swapping the two squares and rotating by 90,90^\circ, all eight sides of the octagon are congruent

大提示:

把八边形切成 88 个以 OO 为顶点的三角形;八边形的每条边都在某个正方形的一条边上,且与 OO 的距离为 12\frac{1}{2}

Cut the octagon into 88 triangles with apex O;O; each side of the octagon lies on a side of a square, at distance 12\frac{1}{2} from OO

解答:

整个图形绕 OO 旋转 9090^\circ 后保持不变,这会把八边形边 ABAB 依次对应到 CDCDEFEFGHGH;同时图形还具有交换两个正方形的反射对称性,这会把这些边对应到 BCBCDEDEFGFGHAHA。因此八边形的八条边长度都相同,均为 4399\frac{43}{99}

OO 连到八个顶点,把八边形分成 88 个三角形。每个三角形的底为 4399\frac{43}{99},位于某个单位正方形的一条边上,所以从 OO 到这条底边的高就是中心到该边的距离,即 12\frac{1}{2}。面积为 812439912=86998 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{43}{99} \cdot \frac{1}{2} = \frac{86}{99}\text{。}

因为 gcd(86,99)=1\gcd(86, 99) = 1,答案是 86+99=18586 + 99 = 185

The whole configuration is unchanged by rotating 9090^\circ about O,O, which cycles the octagon side ABAB to CD,CD, EF,EF, GH,GH, and it is also unchanged by the reflection that swaps the two squares, which carries those sides to BC,BC, DE,DE, FG,FG, HA.HA. So all eight sides of the octagon have the same length, 4399.\frac{43}{99}.

Segments from OO to the eight vertices cut the octagon into 88 triangles. Each has base 4399\frac{43}{99} lying on a side of one of the unit squares, so its height from OO is the distance from the center to that side, namely 12.\frac{1}{2}. The area is 812439912=8699.8 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{43}{99} \cdot \frac{1}{2} = \frac{86}{99}.

Since gcd(86,99)=1,\gcd(86, 99) = 1, the answer is 86+99=185.86 + 99 = 185.

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