2025 AIME I 第 4 题

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4.

求有序整数对 (x,y)(x, y) 的个数,其中 xx 和 yy 都在 −100-100 到 100100 之间(包含端点),并满足 12x2−xy−6y2=012x^2 - xy - 6y^2 = 0。

Find the number of ordered pairs (x,y),(x, y), where both xx and yy are integers between −100-100 and 100,100, inclusive, such that 12x2−xy−6y2=0.12x^2 - xy - 6y^2 = 0.

答案:117
知识点:丢番图方程因式分解区间内整数计数
难度评级:2110
小提示:

左边可因式分解为 (3x+2y)(4x−3y)(3x + 2y)(4x - 3y)

The left side factors as (3x+2y)(4x−3y)(3x + 2y)(4x - 3y)

大提示:

一条直线给出 (x,y)=(3t,4t)(x, y) = (3t, 4t),其中 ∣t∣≤25|t| \le 25;另一条给出 (2t,−3t)(2t, -3t),其中 ∣t∣≤33|t| \le 33。不要把原点重复计算。

One line gives (x,y)=(3t,4t)(x, y) = (3t, 4t) with ∣t∣≤25;|t| \le 25; the other gives (2t,−3t)(2t, -3t) with ∣t∣≤33.|t| \le 33. Don’t count the origin twice.

解答:

方程可分解为 12x2−xy−6y2=(3x+2y)(4x−3y)=0, \begin{gathered} 12x^2 - xy - 6y^2 \\ = (3x + 2y)(4x - 3y) \\ = 0 \end{gathered}\text{,} 所以每个解都满足 4x=3y4x = 3y 或 3x=−2y3x = -2y。

4x=3y4x = 3y 的整数解为 (x,y)=(3t,4t)(x, y) = (3t, 4t);限制 ∣4t∣≤100|4t| \le 100 给出 −25≤t≤25-25 \le t \le 25,即 5151 对。3x=−2y3x = -2y 的整数解为 (x,y)=(2t,−3t)(x, y) = (2t, -3t);限制 ∣3t∣≤100|3t| \le 100 给出 −33≤t≤33-33 \le t \le 33,即 6767 对。这两个族只在 (0,0)(0, 0) 重合,所以总数为 51+67−1=11751 + 67 - 1 = 117。

The equation factors as 12x2−xy−6y2=(3x+2y)(4x−3y)=0, \begin{gathered} 12x^2 - xy - 6y^2 \\ = (3x + 2y)(4x - 3y) \\ = 0, \end{gathered} so every solution has 4x=3y4x = 3y or 3x=−2y.3x = -2y.

Integer solutions of 4x=3y4x = 3y are (x,y)=(3t,4t);(x, y) = (3t, 4t); the constraint ∣4t∣≤100|4t| \le 100 gives −25≤t≤25,-25 \le t \le 25, or 5151 pairs. Integer solutions of 3x=−2y3x = -2y are (x,y)=(2t,−3t);(x, y) = (2t, -3t); the constraint ∣3t∣≤100|3t| \le 100 gives −33≤t≤33,-33 \le t \le 33, or 6767 pairs. The families overlap only at (0,0),(0, 0), so the count is 51+67−1=117.51 + 67 - 1 = 117.

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