2015 AIME I 第 4 题

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4.

点 BB 在线段 AC‾\overline{AC} 上,且 AB=16AB = 16、BC=4BC = 4。点 DD 和 EE 在直线 ACAC 的同侧,分别形成等边三角形 △ABD\triangle ABD 与 △BCE\triangle BCE。设 MM 为 AE‾\overline{AE} 的中点,NN 为 CD‾\overline{CD} 的中点。△BMN\triangle BMN 的面积为 xx。求 x2x^2。

Point BB lies on line segment AC‾\overline{AC} with AB=16AB = 16 and BC=4.BC = 4. Points DD and EE lie on the same side of line ACAC forming equilateral triangles △ABD\triangle ABD and △BCE.\triangle BCE. Let MM be the midpoint of AE‾,\overline{AE}, and NN be the midpoint of CD‾.\overline{CD}. The area of △BMN\triangle BMN is x.x. Find x2.x^2.

答案:507
知识点:坐标几何等边三角形距离公式
难度评级:2390
小提示:

令 BB 为原点,取 A=(−16,0)A = (-16, 0)、C=(4,0)C = (4, 0),并用等边三角形的高写出 DD 与 EE

Put BB at the origin with A=(−16,0)A = (-16, 0) and C=(4,0),C = (4, 0), and write DD and EE using equilateral-triangle altitudes

大提示:

计算中点 MM、NN 以及三条边长 BMBM、MNMN、NBNB;三角形 BMNBMN 会是等边三角形

Compute the midpoints MM and NN and the three distances BM,BM, MN,MN, NB;NB; triangle BMNBMN turns out equilateral

解答:

取 B=(0,0)B = (0, 0)、A=(−16,0)A = (-16, 0)、C=(4,0)C = (4, 0)。每个等边三角形的顶点位于底边中点上方,高为边长的 32\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2},所以 D=(−8,83)D = (-8, 8\sqrt{3}),E=(2,23)E = (2, 2\sqrt{3})。中点为 M=(−7,3)M = (-7, \sqrt{3}) 与 N=(−2,43)N = (-2, 4\sqrt{3})。

现在 BM2=49+3=52BM^2 = 49 + 3 = 52,BN2=4+48=52BN^2 = 4 + 48 = 52,且 MN2=25+27=52MN^2 = 25 + 27 = 52,所以 △BMN\triangle BMN 是边长为 52\sqrt{52} 的等边三角形。其面积为 x=34⋅52=133x = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \cdot 52 = 13\sqrt{3},因此 x2=169⋅3=507x^2 = 169 \cdot 3 = 507。

Place B=(0,0),B = (0, 0), A=(−16,0),A = (-16, 0), and C=(4,0).C = (4, 0). Each equilateral triangle has its apex above the midpoint of its base at height 32\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} times the side, so D=(−8,83)D = (-8, 8\sqrt{3}) and E=(2,23).E = (2, 2\sqrt{3}). The midpoints are M=(−7,3)M = (-7, \sqrt{3}) and N=(−2,43).N = (-2, 4\sqrt{3}).

Now BM2=49+3=52,BM^2 = 49 + 3 = 52, BN2=4+48=52,BN^2 = 4 + 48 = 52, and MN2=25+27=52,MN^2 = 25 + 27 = 52, so △BMN\triangle BMN is equilateral with side 52.\sqrt{52}. Its area is x=34⋅52=133,x = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \cdot 52 = 13\sqrt{3}, so x2=169⋅3=507.x^2 = 169 \cdot 3 = 507.

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