Question

Jen enters a lottery by selecting $4$ distinct elements of $S = \{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 9, 10\}.$ Then four elements of $S$ are drawn at random. Jen wins a prize if at least two of her numbers were drawn, and wins the grand prize if all four of her numbers were drawn. The probability that Jen wins the grand prize given that Jen wins a prize is $\frac{m}{n}$ where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m + n.$

答案

Solution:

All $\binom{10}{4} = 210$ draws are equally likely. The number of draws sharing exactly $k$ numbers with Jen's ticket is $\binom{4}{k}\binom{6}{4-k},$ so the number winning a prize is $\binom{4}{2}\binom{6}{2} + \binom{4}{3}\binom{6}{1} + \binom{4}{4}\binom{6}{0} = 90 + 24 + 1 = 115,$ and exactly $1$ of these wins the grand prize.

Since the grand prize implies a prize, the conditional probability is $\frac{1/210}{115/210} = \frac{1}{115},$ so $m + n = 1 + 115 = 116.$

2024 AIME I Problem 4

Solution:

Problem 4 in Other Years