1990 AIME 第 4 题

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4.

求下列方程的正数解:1x210x29+1x210x452x210x69=0\begin{aligned}&\frac1{x^2-10x-29}\\&\quad+\frac1{x^2-10x-45}\\&\quad-\frac2{x^2-10x-69}=0\end{aligned}\text{。}

Find the positive solution to 1x210x29+1x210x452x210x69=0.\begin{aligned}&\frac1{x^2-10x-29}\\&\quad+\frac1{x^2-10x-45}\\&\quad-\frac2{x^2-10x-69}=0.\end{aligned}

答案:13
知识点:换元法分式方程二次方程
难度评级:1830
小提示:

y=x210xy=x^2-10x,使三个分母只相差常数

Set y=x210xy=x^2-10x so the three denominators differ only by constants

大提示:

先合并前两个分数,再消去分母

Combine the first two fractions before clearing denominators

解答:

y=x210xy=x^2-10x。合并前两个分数并消去非零分母,得到 (y37)(y69)(y-37)(y-69)(y29)(y45)(y-29)(y-45) 相等。展开并约去 y2y^2,得到 y=39y=39。因此 x210x39=0x^2-10x-39=0,即 (x13)(x+3)=0(x-13)(x+3)=0。正数解为 1313

Set y=x210x.y=x^2-10x. Combining the first two fractions and clearing the nonzero denominators gives an equality between (y37)(y69)(y-37)(y-69) and (y29)(y45).(y-29)(y-45). Expanding and canceling y2y^2 yields y=39.y=39. Thus x210x39=0,x^2-10x-39=0, so (x13)(x+3)=0.(x-13)(x+3)=0. The positive solution is 13.13.

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