1985 AIME 第 4 题

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4.

将一个面积为 11 的正方形的每条边分成 nn 个相等的部分,再将各顶点与最靠近其对面顶点的分点连接,如图所示,从而在单位正方形内部构造一个小正方形。若小正方形(图中阴影部分)的面积恰为 11985\frac1{1985},求 nn 的值。

A small square is constructed inside a square of area 11 by dividing each side of the unit square into nn equal parts, and then connecting the vertices to the division points closest to the opposite vertices, as shown. Find the value of nn if the area of the small square (shaded in the figure) is exactly 11985.\frac1{1985}.

答案:32
知识点:正方形(几何)距离公式二次方程
难度评级:2260
小提示:

将单位正方形置于坐标平面上,并写出两条平行构造线的方程

Place the unit square on a coordinate plane and write equations for two parallel construction lines

大提示:

两条平行线之间的距离就是小正方形的边长

The distance between the parallel lines is the side length of the small square

解答:

将外正方形的四个顶点置于 (0,0)(0,0)(1,0)(1,0)(1,1)(1,1)(0,1)(0,1)。其中一对构造线的方程为 nx(n1)y=0,nx(n1)y=1 \begin{aligned} nx-(n-1)y&=0,\\ nx-(n-1)y&=1 \end{aligned}\text{。}另一对构造线与这一对垂直,而且两对平行线的间距相同。因此内正方形的边长为 1n2+(n1)2 \frac1{\sqrt{n^2+(n-1)^2}}\text{,}其面积为 1n2+(n1)2\frac{1}{n^2+(n-1)^2}。所以 n2+(n1)2=1985 n^2+(n-1)^2=1985\text{,}n2n992=0n^2-n-992=0。其正根为 n=1+632=32n=\frac{1+63}{2}=32

Put the outer square at (0,0),(0,0), (1,0),(1,0), (1,1),(1,1), (0,1).(0,1). One pair of construction lines has equations nx(n1)y=0,nx(n1)y=1. \begin{aligned} nx-(n-1)y&=0,\\ nx-(n-1)y&=1. \end{aligned} The other pair is perpendicular to this pair, and the two pairs have the same separation. Thus the inner square has side length 1n2+(n1)2 \frac1{\sqrt{n^2+(n-1)^2}} and area 1n2+(n1)2.\frac{1}{n^2+(n-1)^2}. Hence n2+(n1)2=1985, n^2+(n-1)^2=1985, or n2n992=0.n^2-n-992=0. Its positive root is n=1+632=32.n=\frac{1+63}{2}=32.

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