1996 AIME 第 4 题

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4.

一个边长为一厘米的木制正方体放在水平面上。点光源位于某个上顶点的正上方 xx 厘米处,正方体在水平面上投下阴影。不计正方体下方的区域,阴影面积为 4848 平方厘米。求不超过 1000x1000x 的最大整数。

A wooden cube, whose edges are one centimeter long, rests on a horizontal surface. Illuminated by a point source of light that is xx centimeters directly above an upper vertex, the cube casts a shadow on the horizontal surface. The area of the shadow, which does not include the area beneath the cube, is 4848 square centimeters. Find the greatest integer that does not exceed 1000x.1000x.

答案:166
知识点:正方体相似面积
难度评级:1940
小提示:

从光源出发,将正方体的上表面投影到水平面上

Project the cube’s upper face onto the horizontal surface from the light source

大提示:

由相似三角形,投影正方形的边长为 x+1x\frac{x+1}{x}

Similar triangles give the projected side length as x+1x\frac{x+1}{x}

解答:

光源高出水平面 x+1x+1 厘米,并高出正方体上表面 xx 厘米。由相似关系,单位正方形上表面的投影是边长为 x+1x\frac{x+1}{x} 的正方形。这个正方形包含正方体下方的单位正方形区域,所以 (x+1x)21=48\left(\frac{x+1}{x}\right)^2-1=48\text{。}因此 x+1x=7\frac{x+1}{x}=7,从而 x=16x=\frac{1}{6}。由于 1000x=166231000x=166\frac23,不超过它的最大整数为 166166

The light is x+1x+1 centimeters above the surface and xx centimeters above the cube’s top face. By similarity, the projection of that unit-square face is a square of side x+1x.\frac{x+1}{x}. This square contains the unit-square area beneath the cube, so (x+1x)21=48.\left(\frac{x+1}{x}\right)^2-1=48. Therefore x+1x=7,\frac{x+1}{x}=7, giving x=16.x=\frac{1}{6}. The greatest integer not exceeding 1000x=166231000x=166\frac23 is 166.166.

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