2002 AIME I 第 3 题

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3.

Jane 今年 2525 岁。Dick 比 Jane 年长。再过 nn 年,其中 nn 是正整数,Dick 和 Jane 的年龄都将是两位数,并且 Jane 的年龄可以由 Dick 的年龄交换两个数字得到。令 dd 为 Dick 现在的年龄。有多少个正整数有序对 (d,n)(d, n) 是可能的?

Jane is 2525 years old. Dick is older than Jane. In nn years, where nn is a positive integer, Dick’s age and Jane’s age will both be two-digit numbers and will have the property that Jane’s age is obtained by interchanging the digits of Dick’s age. Let dd be Dick’s present age. How many ordered pairs of positive integers (d,n)(d, n) are possible?

答案:25
知识点:数字年龄问题系统列举
难度评级:2300
小提示:

关注未来的年龄:Jane 的年龄是一个两位数,其数字反转后是 Dick 的年龄,而且 Dick 的年龄更大。

Focus on the future ages: Jane’s is a two-digit number whose digit reversal, Dick’s age, is larger

大提示:

数出 Jane 未来年龄的可能值:它至少足够大,且十位数字小于个位数字。每个这样的值确定一个 (d,n)(d, n)

Count the possible values of Jane’s future age: two-digit numbers old enough for Jane whose tens digit is smaller than the units digit. Each determines (d,n).(d, n).

解答:

再过 nn 年,Jane 的年龄为 25+n25 + n,Dick 的年龄是它的数字反转。若 Jane 未来的年龄为 10a+b10a + b,则 Dick 的年龄为 10b+a10b + a,它更大当且仅当 b>ab \gt a。反过来,只要两位数 25+n25 + n 的十位数字小于个位数字,就会给出唯一有效的有序对:n=10a+b25n = 10a + b - 25,且 d=10b+an=25+9(ba)>25 \begin{aligned} d &= 10b + a - n \\ &= 25 + 9(b - a) \gt 25 \end{aligned} 所以 Dick 现在确实比 Jane 年长。

因此只需数不小于 2626、且十位数字小于个位数字的两位数:有 44 个以 22 开头(即 26262929),然后分别有 665544332211 个以 3388 开头。总数为 4+6+5+4+3+2+1=254 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 25

In nn years Jane’s age is 25+n,25 + n, and Dick’s age is its digit reversal. If Jane’s future age is 10a+b,10a + b, Dick’s is 10b+a,10b + a, which is larger exactly when b>a.b \gt a. Conversely, every two-digit value of 25+n25 + n with tens digit less than units digit yields exactly one valid pair: n=10a+b25n = 10a + b - 25 and d=10b+an=25+9(ba)>25, \begin{aligned} d &= 10b + a - n \\ &= 25 + 9(b - a) \gt 25, \end{aligned} so Dick is indeed older than Jane now.

So we count two-digit numbers that are at least 2626 and have tens digit less than units digit: 44 starting with 22 (namely 2626 through 2929), then 6,6, 5,5, 4,4, 3,3, 2,2, 11 starting with 33 through 8.8. The total is 4+6+5+4+3+2+1=25.4 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 25.

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