2020 AIME I 第 3 题

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3.

正整数 NN 以十一为底的表示为 abc\underline{a}\,\underline{b}\,\underline{c},以八为底的表示为 1bca\underline{1}\,\underline{b}\,\underline{c}\,\underline{a},其中 aabbcc 表示(不一定互不相同的)数字。求满足条件的最小 NN 的通常写法。

A positive integer NN has base-eleven representation abc\underline{a}\,\underline{b}\,\underline{c} and base-eight representation 1bca,\underline{1}\,\underline{b}\,\underline{c}\,\underline{a}, where a,a, b,b, and cc represent (not necessarily distinct) digits. Find the least such NN expressed in base ten.

答案:621
知识点:进制数字极限情形界定
难度评级:2110
解答:

把两种表示都写成通常数值,得到 121a+11b+c121a + 11b + c =512+64b+8c+a= 512 + 64b + 8c + a,化简为 120a=512+53b+7c.120a = 512 + 53b + 7c. 由于 aabbcc 都是以八为底的数字,所以 0a,b,c70 \le a, b, c \le 7,并且 a1a \ge 1,因为它是以十一为底表示的首位。

右边至少为 512512,所以 a5a \ge 5。由于 N=121a+11b+cN = 121a + 11b + caa, 增大而增大, 先试 a=5a = 5:此时 53b+7c=8853b + 7c = 88。若 b=0b = 0,则 7c=887c = 88,不可能;若 b2b \ge 2,则已经超过。因此 b=1b = 1,并且 7c=357c = 35,得到 c=5c = 5

因此 N=1215+11+5=621N = 121 \cdot 5 + 11 + 5 = 621,其以八为底的表示为 11551155,以十一为底的表示为 515515,符合要求。最小的这样的 NN621621

Equating the two representations in base ten gives 121a+11b+c121a + 11b + c =512+64b+8c+a,= 512 + 64b + 8c + a, which simplifies to 120a=512+53b+7c.120a = 512 + 53b + 7c. All of a,a, b,b, cc are base-eight digits, so 0a,b,c70 \le a, b, c \le 7 (and a1a \ge 1 since it leads the base-eleven representation).

The right side is at least 512,512, so a5.a \ge 5. Since N=121a+11b+cN = 121a + 11b + c increases with a,a, try a=5:a = 5: then 53b+7c=88.53b + 7c = 88. Here b=0b = 0 gives 7c=88,7c = 88, impossible, and b2b \ge 2 overshoots, so b=1b = 1 and 7c=35,7c = 35, giving c=5.c = 5.

Thus N=1215+11+5=621,N = 121 \cdot 5 + 11 + 5 = 621, whose base-eight representation is 11551155 and base-eleven representation is 515,515, as required. The least such NN is 621.621.

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