1969 AMC 12 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
将 同时加到分数 的分子和分母上,其中 、,所得分数变为 。则 等于:
When is added to both the numerator and the denominator of the fraction the value of the fraction is changed to Then equals:
2.
若某商品以 美元售出,则按成本计算亏损 。但若同一商品以 美元售出,则按成本计算获利 。比值 为:
If an item is sold for dollars, there is a loss of based on the cost. If, however, the same item is sold for dollars, there is a profit of based on the cost. The ratio is:
取决于成本
dependent upon the cost
以上均不是
none of these
3.
若 用 进制表示为 ,则紧邻 之前的整数用 进制表示为:
If written in base is the integer immediately preceding written in base is:
4.
在整数有序对上定义二元运算 :。若 与 表示相同的有序对,则 等于:
Let a binary operation on ordered pairs of integers be defined by Then, if and represent identical pairs, equals:
5.
若一个数 ()减去其倒数的四倍等于给定实常数 ,则对于该给定的 ,所有可能的 值之和为:
If a number diminished by four times its reciprocal, equals a given real constant then, for this given the sum of all such possible values of is:
小提示:
将 改写成关于 的二次方程
Rewrite as a quadratic in
大提示:
利用该二次方程的根之和
Use the sum of the roots of that quadratic
解答:
将 乘以 ,得到 由韦达定理,两根之和为 。因为两根之积为 ,所以两根都非零。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Multiplying by gives The sum of its two roots is by Vieta’s formulas. Both roots are nonzero because their product is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
6.
两个同心圆之间圆环的面积为 平方英寸。大圆中与小圆相切的弦长(单位:英寸)为:
The area of the ring between two concentric circles is square inches. The length of a chord of the larger circle tangent to the smaller circle, in inches, is:
小提示:
若两个半径为 、,则由面积可得
If the radii are and the area gives
大提示:
相切弦的一半、小圆半径和大圆半径组成直角三角形
Half the tangent chord, the smaller radius, and the larger radius form a right triangle
解答:
设两个半径为 与 。由圆环面积可得 过切点的半径平分该弦。若弦长为 ,则 因此 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the radii be and The ring area gives The radius to the tangent point bisects the chord. If its length is then Thus so
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
7.
8.
三角形 内接于一个圆。互不重叠的三条劣弧 、 和 的度数依次为 、、。则该三角形的一个内角度数为:
Triangle is inscribed in a circle. The measures of the non-overlapping minor arcs and are, respectively, Then one interior angle of the triangle, in degrees, is:
小提示:
三条互不重叠的弧之和为
The three non-overlapping arcs sum to
大提示:
每个圆周角的度数是其所对弧度数的一半
Each inscribed angle is half the measure of its intercepted arc
解答:
由弧度数之和得 因此三条弧的度数为 、、。所对弧为 的圆周角为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The arc sum gives The arcs then measure and The angle intercepting the arc measures
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
9.
从 开始的五十二个连续正整数的算术平均数(普通平均数)为:
The arithmetic mean (ordinary average) of the fifty-two successive positive integers beginning with is:
小提示:
求出数列中的第五十二个整数
Find the fifty-second integer in the list
大提示:
等差数列的平均数等于首项与末项的平均数
The mean of an arithmetic sequence is the average of its first and last terms
解答:
这些整数从 到 。它们的平均数是首项与末项的平均数:
因此,正确答案是 C。
The integers run from through Their mean is the average of the first and last:
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
10.
到一个圆以及该圆的两条平行切线距离均相等的点共有:
The number of points equidistant from a circle and two parallel tangents to the circle is:
无限多个
infinite
小提示:
到两条平行切线距离相等的点位于它们之间的中间平行线上
Points equidistant from the two parallel tangents lie on their midway parallel line
大提示:
在该直线上,比较到任一切线的距离与到圆的距离
On that line, compare distance to either tangent with distance to the circle
解答:
设圆心为 ,半径为 。到两条平行切线距离相等的点必在它们的中线上,而该中线经过 。若该点到 的距离为 ,则它到任一切线的距离为 ,到圆的距离为 。因此 ,得到 或 。当 时有一个点,当 时有两个点,共 个。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the circle have center and radius A point equidistant from the two parallel tangents must lie on their midline, which passes through If its distance from is its distance from either tangent is while its distance from the circle is Thus giving or There is one point with and two with for a total of
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
11.
在 平面中给定点 与 ,取点 使 最小。则 等于:
Given points and in the -plane, point is taken so that is a minimum. Then equals:
或
either or
小提示:
当 、、 共线时,三角不等式取等号
The triangle inequality is sharp when and are collinear
大提示:
求直线 上 坐标为 的点
Find the point on line whose -coordinate is
解答:
由三角不等式,,当 在线段 上时取等号。 的斜率为 。从 移到 时, 坐标增加 ,所以
因此,正确答案是 B。
By the triangle inequality, with equality when lies on segment The slope of is Moving from to raises the -coordinate by so
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
12.
设 是一个关于 的一次式的平方。则 的特定值位于:
Let be the square of an expression which is linear in Then has a particular value between:
与 之间
and
与 之间
and
与 之间
and
与 之间
and
与 之间
and
小提示:
改写为
Rewrite
大提示:
将常数项与一次项系数一半的平方相匹配
Match the constant term to the square of half the linear coefficient
解答:
有 要使它成为平方,必须等于 ,其常数项为 。因此 ,所以 ,它位于 与 之间。
因此,正确答案是 A。
We have For this to be a square, it must equal whose constant term is Hence so which lies between and
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
13.
半径为 的圆位于半径为 的圆所围区域内。大圆所围面积是小圆外、大圆内区域面积的 倍。则 等于:
A circle with radius is contained within the region bounded by a circle with radius The area bounded by the larger circle is times the area of the region outside the smaller circle and inside the larger circle. Then equals:
14.
满足不等式 的全部 值为所有满足下列条件的 :
The complete set of -values satisfying the inequality is the set of all such that:
或 或
or or
或
or
或
or
或
or
是除 与 外的任意实数
is any real number except or
小提示:
符号只可能在 、、、 处改变
The sign can change only at and
大提示:
在每个区间内取一点检验,并排除使式子为零或无定义的点
Test one point in each interval and exclude zeros and undefined points
解答:
将式子因式分解为 在 、、、 处作符号表,可知它在 上为正。端点 使式子为零,而 处无定义。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Factor the expression as A sign chart at and shows it is positive on The endpoints give zero and are undefined.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
15.
在圆心为 、半径为 的圆中,作弦 ,其长度为 个单位。从 向 作垂线,交 于 。从 向 作垂线,交 于 。用 表示,三角形 的面积为:
In a circle with center at and radius chord is drawn with length equal to units. From a perpendicular to meets at From a perpendicular to meets at In terms of the area of triangle in appropriate square units, is:
小提示:
因为 ,三角形 为等边三角形
Because triangle is equilateral
大提示:
利用两个 -- 三角形求 与
Use the two -- triangles to find and
解答:
三角形 为等边三角形。因为 ,所以 是 的中点,从而 且 。在直角三角形 中,斜边为 ,所以 因此
因此,正确答案是 D。
Triangle is equilateral. Since is the midpoint of so and In right triangle the hypotenuse is giving Hence
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
16.
用二项式定理展开 ,其中 、。若令 ,其中 为正整数,展开式的第二项与第三项之和为零,则 等于:
When is expanded by the binomial theorem, it is found that, when where is a positive integer, the sum of the second and third terms is zero. Then equals:
小提示:
第二项与第三项分别为 和
The second and third terms are and
大提示:
代入 ,并约去公共的非零因子
Substitute and cancel the common nonzero factor
解答:
第二项与第三项之和为 代入 ,再除以非零量 ,得 因此 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The sum of the second and third terms is Substituting and dividing by the nonzero quantity gives Therefore
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
17.
方程 的一个解是:
The equation is satisfied by:
以上都不是
none of these
18.
下列两个图形
与
的公共点个数为:
The number of points common to the graphs of
and
is:
无穷多个
infinite
小提示:
每个因式分解后的方程都表示两条直线
Each factored equation represents a pair of lines
大提示:
将第一组中的每条直线分别与第二组中的每条直线求交,并检查交点是否互异
Intersect each line from the first pair with each line from the second pair and check distinctness
解答:
第一个图形由直线 、 组成,第二个图形由直线 、 组成。第一组中的每条直线都与第二组中的每条直线相交。解这四组方程,得到四个互异的点:因而共有 个公共点。
所以正确答案是 B。
The first graph is the pair and and the second is and Each line in the first pair meets each line in the second pair. Solving the four pairings gives four distinct points: Thus there are common points.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
19.
若 与 均为正整数,则满足方程 的互异有序对 的个数为:
The number of distinct ordered pairs where and have positive integral values satisfying the equation is:
无穷多个
infinite
小提示:
将 看作一个变量
Treat as one variable
大提示:
因式分解后,把可能的值转化为对正整数乘积 的条件
After factoring, translate the possible values into conditions on the positive integer product
解答:
令 。则 因为 和 都是正整数,所以 或 。这些有序对为 、、,共 个。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let Then Since and are positive integers, this means or The pairs are and for a total of
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
20.
令 等于 与 的乘积。则 的位数为:
Let equal the product of and The number of digits in is:
21.
若 的图形与 的图形相切,则:
If the graph of is tangent to that of then:
必须等于
must equal
必须等于
must equal
必须等于
must equal
必须等于
must equal
可以是任意非负实数
may be any nonnegative real number
小提示:
该圆以原点为圆心,半径为
The circle has center the origin and radius
大提示:
求原点到直线 的距离
Find the distance from the origin to
解答:
圆的半径为 。原点到该直线的距离是 因此对每个 ,该直线都与圆相切(当 时,图形退化为原点)。
所以正确答案是 E。
The circle has radius The distance from the origin to the line is Thus the line is tangent for every (with the case degenerate at the origin).
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
22.
令 为由 轴、直线 以及下列曲线围成区域的面积:
则 为:
Let be the measure of the area bounded by the -axis, the line and the curve defined by
Then is:
小于 ,但可以任意接近它
less than but arbitrarily close to it
小提示:
在 处分割该区域
Split the region at
大提示:
从 到 用三角形,从 到 用梯形
Use a triangle from to and a trapezoid from to
解答:
从 到 ,该区域是面积为 的三角形。从 到 ,两端的高度分别为 和 ,所以梯形面积为 因此 。
所以正确答案是 C。
From to the region is a triangle of area From to the endpoint heights are and so the trapezoid has area Thus
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
23.
对任意大于 的整数 ,大于 且小于 的质数个数为:
这里 。
For any integer greater than the number of prime numbers greater than and less than is:
Here
当 为偶数时是 ,当 为奇数时是
for even, for odd
小提示:
严格位于两个端点之间的每个整数都可写成 ,其中
Every integer strictly between the endpoints has the form with
大提示:
利用 同时整除 和
Use the fact that divides both and
解答:
区间中的每个整数都可写成 ,其中 。因为 是 的倍数,所以 也是它的倍数,并且 。因此每个这样的整数都是合数。(当 时,该区间为空。)所以区间中没有质数。
所以正确答案是 A。
Every integer in the interval has the form for some Because is divisible by so is and Thus every such integer is composite. (For the interval is empty.) Hence there are no primes in the interval.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
24.
将自然数 与 (其中 )分别除以自然数 ,余数分别为 与 。将 与 分别除以 ,余数分别为 与 。则:
When the natural numbers and with are divided by the natural number the remainders are and respectively. When and are divided by the remainders are and respectively. Then:
恒成立
always
恒成立
always
有时 ,有时
sometimes, and sometimes
有时 ,有时
sometimes, and sometimes
恒成立
always
答案:E
小提示:
写出 与
Write and
大提示:
将两个同余式相乘
Multiply the two congruences
解答:
根据余数的定义, 两式相乘,得 。由于每个数都有介于 与 之间的唯一余数,所以二者的余数必相等:。
所以正确答案是 E。
By definition of the remainders, Multiplying gives Since each has a unique remainder between and their remainders must be equal:
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
25.
已知 ,则 的最小可能值为:
If it is known that then the least value that can be taken on by is:
以上都不是
none of these
答案:D
小提示:
合并对数,估计 的范围
Combine the logarithms to bound
大提示:
应用
Apply
解答:
对数条件给出 ,所以 。由算术平均值与几何平均值不等式, 当 时取等号。
所以正确答案是 D。
The logarithm condition gives so By AM-GM, Equality is attained at
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
26.
一座抛物线形拱门高 英寸,跨度为 英寸。在离中心 水平距离 英寸处,拱门的高度(英寸)为:
A parabolic arch has a height of inches and a span of inches. The height, in inches, of the arch at a point inches from the center is:
小提示:
将中心置于原点,并把抛物线写成
Place the center at the origin and write the parabola as
大提示:
利用端点 求出 ,再代入
Use the endpoint to find , then substitute
解答:
将 置于原点,并让跨度落在 轴上。拱门的方程为 。由于 在抛物线上,,所以 。当 时,
所以正确答案是 B。
Place at the origin with the span on the -axis. The arch has equation Since lies on it, so At
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
27.
一个质点运动时,从第二英里起,其速度与已经走过的整英里数成反比,并且在每一英里路程内速度保持不变。若走完第二英里需要 小时,则走完第 英里所需的时间(小时)为:
A particle moves so that its speed for the second and subsequent miles varies inversely as the integral number of miles already traveled. For each subsequent mile the speed is constant. If the second mile is traversed in hours, then the time, in hours, needed to traverse the th mile is:
小提示:
在走第 英里时,已经走过的英里数为
During the th mile, the number of miles already traveled is
大提示:
对固定的一英里路程,所需时间与 成正比
Time for a fixed one-mile distance varies directly as
解答:
在第 英里中,。因为路程为一英里,所需时间为 条件 给出 。因此 。
所以正确答案是 E。
For the th mile, Since the distance is one mile, the time is The condition gives Therefore
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
28.
在半径为 的圆内部,设满足下列条件的点 的个数为 : 到某一直径两个端点的距离平方和为 。则 为:
Let be the number of points interior to the region bounded by a circle with radius such that the sum of the squares of the distances from to the endpoints of a given diameter is Then is:
无穷多个
infinite
小提示:
将圆心置于原点,并取直径端点为 和
Place the circle at the origin with diameter endpoints and
大提示:
化简两个距离的平方和
Simplify the sum of the two squared distances
解答:
令 ,并取直径端点为 和 。条件化为 因此 。这是一整个位于给定单位圆内部、半径为 的圆,包含无穷多个点。
所以正确答案是 E。
Let and take the diameter endpoints as and The condition becomes Thus This is an entire circle of radius lying inside the given unit circle. It contains infinitely many points.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
29.
若 、,且 、,则 与 之间的一个关系是:
If and a relation between and is:
以上都不是
none of these
小提示:
用 除以 ,用 、 表示
Divide by to express in terms of and
大提示:
再观察到 ,然后消去
Also observe that , then eliminate
解答:
将两个定义相除,得到 此外, 代入 ,得 。两边取 次幂,得到 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Dividing the definitions gives Also, Substituting gives Raising both sides to the power yields
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
30.
设 是等腰直角三角形 的斜边 (或其延长线)上的一点。令 。则:
Let be a point of hypotenuse (or its extension) of isosceles right triangle Let Then:
仅有有限个 的位置满足
for a finite number of positions of
有无穷多个 的位置满足
for an infinite number of positions of
仅当 是 的中点或 的端点时,
only if is the midpoint of or an endpoint of
恒有
always
若 是 的三等分点,则
if is a trisection point of
31.
在 平面内,设 为单位正方形,其中 、、、。由 与 定义从 平面到 平面的变换。该正方形的变换图像为:
Let be a unit square in the -plane with and Let and define a transformation of the -plane into the -plane. The transform (or image) of the square is:
小提示:
先求四个顶点的像,再分别变换每条边
Map the four vertices and then transform each side separately
大提示:
水平边与竖直边变成两条线段和两段抛物线弧
The horizontal sides and vertical sides become two line segments and two parabolic arcs
解答:
各顶点的像为 边 映为从 到 的线段, 映为从 到 的线段。在 上,,所以 ;在 上,,所以 。它们是连接 与 的两段上方抛物线弧。
所以正确答案是 D。
The vertices map as Side maps to the segment from to and maps to the segment from to On so on so These are the two upper parabolic arcs joining to
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
32.
数列 由 以及关系式 定义,其中 、、、。若将 表示为 的多项式,则其各项系数的代数和为:
Let a sequence be defined by and the relation If is expressed as a polynomial in the algebraic sum of its coefficients is:
小提示:
多项式的系数和等于它在 时的值
The sum of a polynomial’s coefficients is its value at
大提示:
题目已经给出了
The problem already gives
解答:
对任意多项式 ,其系数和为 。这里该多项式表示 ,而初始条件给出 。因此系数和为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
For any polynomial the sum of its coefficients is Here the polynomial represents and the initial condition gives Therefore the coefficient sum is
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
33.
设 与 分别为两个等差数列前 项的和。若对所有 都有 ,则第一个数列的第十一项与第二个数列的第十一项之比为:
Let and be the respective sums of the first terms of two arithmetic series. If for all the ratio of the eleventh term of the first series to the eleventh term of the second series is:
无法确定
undetermined
小提示:
在等差数列中,前 项的中间项等于这些项的平均数
In an arithmetic sequence, the middle term of the first terms equals their average
大提示:
将每个第十一项表示为相应的前 项之和除以
Express each eleventh term as its corresponding -term sum divided by
解答:
对等差数列而言,第十一项是前 项的平均数。因此两个数列的第十一项分别为 与 。它们的比为
所以正确答案是 A。
For an arithmetic sequence, the eleventh term is the average of the first terms. Thus the respective eleventh terms are and Their ratio is
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
34.
用 除 所得的余式 是次数小于 的多项式。则 可以写成:
The remainder obtained by dividing by is a polynomial of degree less than Then may be written as:
35.
设 为图形 与 的两个交点中左侧交点的 坐标,其中 。令 。当 任意接近零时, 的值:
Let be the -coordinate of the left endpoint of the intersection of the graphs of and where Let Then, as is made arbitrarily close to zero, the value of is:
任意接近零
arbitrarily close to zero
任意接近
arbitrarily close to
任意接近
arbitrarily close to
任意大
arbitrarily large
无法确定
undetermined