1963 AMC 12 真题

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1.

以下哪一点不在函数 y=xx+1y=\dfrac{x}{x+1} 的图像上?

Which one of the following points is not on the graph of y=xx+1?y=\dfrac{x}{x+1}?

(0,0)(0,0)

(12,1)\left(-\dfrac12,-1\right)

(12,13)\left(\dfrac12,\dfrac13\right)

(1,1)(-1,1)

(2,2)(-2,2)

答案:D
知识点:函数换元法
难度评级:1320
小提示:

代入坐标前先检查定义域

Check the domain before substituting coordinates

大提示:

所列的某个 xx 坐标会使分母为零

The denominator vanishes at one of the listed xx-coordinates

解答:

表达式 xx+1\frac{x}{x+1}x=1x=-1 时没有定义。因此,横坐标为 1-1 的点不可能在其图像上。

所以正确答案是 D

The expression xx+1\frac{x}{x+1} is undefined when x=1.x=-1. Therefore no point whose first coordinate is 1-1 can lie on its graph.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

2.

n=xyxyn=x-y^{x-y}。求 nnx=2x=2y=2y=-2 时的值。

Let n=xyxy.n=x-y^{x-y}. Find nn when x=2x=2 and y=2.y=-2.

14-14

00

11

1818

256256

答案:A
难度评级:1180
小提示:

先计算指数 xyx-y

First compute the exponent xyx-y

大提示:

先算幂,再从 xx 中减去它

Evaluate the power before subtracting it from xx

解答:

这里 xy=2(2)=4x-y=2-(-2)=4,所以 n=2(2)4=216=14n=2-(-2)^4=2-16=-14\text{。}

所以正确答案是 A

Here xy=2(2)=4,x-y=2-(-2)=4, so n=2(2)4=216=14.n=2-(-2)^4=2-16=-14.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

3.

x+1x+1 的倒数是 x1x-1,则 xx 等于:

If the reciprocal of x+1x+1 is x1,x-1, then xx equals:

00

11

1-1

±1\pm1

以上都不是

none of these

答案:E
难度评级:1320
小提示:

把“x+1x+1 的倒数”写成方程

Translate “the reciprocal of x+1x+1” into an equation

大提示:

两边乘以 x+1x+1 后会出现平方差

Multiplying by x+1x+1 leads to a difference of squares

解答:

方程为 1x+1=x1\frac1{x+1}=x-1。因此 1=x211=x^2-1,所以 x=±2x=\pm\sqrt2。这两个值都不在选项中。

所以正确答案是 E

The equation is 1x+1=x1.\frac1{x+1}=x-1. Hence 1=x21,1=x^2-1, so x=±2.x=\pm\sqrt2. Neither value is listed.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

4.

kk 取何值时,方程 y=x2y=x^2y=3x+ky=3x+k 有两个相同的解?

For what value(s) of kk does the pair of equations y=x2y=x^2 and y=3x+ky=3x+k have two identical solutions?

49\dfrac49

49-\dfrac49

94\dfrac94

94-\dfrac94

±94\pm\dfrac94

答案:D
难度评级:1280
小提示:

令两个关于 yy 的表达式相等

Set the two expressions for yy equal

大提示:

交点重合意味着所得二次方程的判别式为零

A repeated intersection makes the resulting quadratic’s discriminant zero

解答:

交点满足 x23xk=0x^2-3x-k=0。要有两个相同的解,必须满足 (3)24(1)(k)=9+4k=0(-3)^2-4(1)(-k)=9+4k=0\text{,}从而 k=94k=-\frac{9}{4}

所以正确答案是 D

Intersections satisfy x23xk=0.x^2-3x-k=0. Two identical solutions require (3)24(1)(k)=9+4k=0,(-3)^2-4(1)(-k)=9+4k=0, giving k=94.k=-\frac{9}{4}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

5.

xxlog10x\log_{10}x 都是实数,并且 log10x<0\log_{10}x\lt0,则:

If xx and log10x\log_{10}x are real numbers and log10x<0,\log_{10}x\lt0, then:

x<0x\lt0

1<x<1-1\lt x\lt1

0<x10\lt x\leq1

1<x<0-1\lt x\lt0

0<x<10\lt x\lt1

答案:E
知识点:对数不等式
难度评级:940
小提示:

实数范围内的对数要求真数为正

A real logarithm requires a positive argument

大提示:

xx10010^0 比较

Compare xx with 10010^0

解答:

对数为实数要求 x>0x\gt0。由于底数 1010 大于 11log10x<0=log101\log_{10}x\lt0=\log_{10}1 推出 x<1x\lt1

所以正确答案是 E

The logarithm is real only for x>0.x\gt0. Since base 1010 is greater than 1,1, log10x<0=log101\log_{10}x\lt0=\log_{10}1 implies x<1.x\lt1.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

6.

三角形 BADBADBB 点为直角。线段 ADAD 上有一点 CC,满足 AC=CDAC=CDAB=BCAB=BC。角 DABDAB 的度数是:

Triangle BADBAD is right-angled at B.B. On ADAD there is a point CC for which AC=CDAC=CD and AB=BC.AB=BC. The magnitude of angle DAB,DAB, in degrees, is:

671267\dfrac12

6060

4545

3030

221222\dfrac12

答案:B
难度评级:1500
小提示:

直角三角形斜边的中点到三个顶点的距离相等

A midpoint of a right triangle’s hypotenuse is equidistant from all three vertices

大提示:

利用 AB=BC=ACAB=BC=AC

Use AB=BC=ACAB=BC=AC

解答:

因为 CC 是斜边 ADAD 的中点,所以 AC=BC=CDAC=BC=CD。又因为 AB=BCAB=BC,三角形 ABCABC 是等边三角形。因此 DAB=CAB=60\angle DAB=\angle CAB=60^\circ

所以正确答案是 B

Since CC is the midpoint of hypotenuse AD,AD, AC=BC=CD.AC=BC=CD. Given AB=BC,AB=BC, triangle ABCABC is equilateral. Thus DAB=CAB=60.\angle DAB=\angle CAB=60^\circ.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

7.

给出以下四个方程:

(1)3y2x=12,(2)2x3y=10,(3)3y+2x=12,(4)2y+3x=10 \begin{aligned} (1)\quad&3y-2x=12,\\ (2)\quad&-2x-3y=10,\\ (3)\quad&3y+2x=12,\\ (4)\quad&2y+3x=10 \end{aligned}\text{。}

其中表示两条垂直直线的一组是:

Given the four equations:

(1)3y2x=12,(2)2x3y=10,(3)3y+2x=12,(4)2y+3x=10. \begin{aligned} (1)\quad&3y-2x=12,\\ (2)\quad&-2x-3y=10,\\ (3)\quad&3y+2x=12,\\ (4)\quad&2y+3x=10. \end{aligned}

The pair representing perpendicular lines is:

(1)(1)(4)(4)

(1)(1) and (4)(4)

(1)(1)(3)(3)

(1)(1) and (3)(3)

(1)(1)(2)(2)

(1)(1) and (2)(2)

(2)(2)(4)(4)

(2)(2) and (4)(4)

(2)(2)(3)(3)

(2)(2) and (3)(3)

答案:A
知识点:一次方程斜率
难度评级:1080
小提示:

把每个方程改写成斜截式

Rewrite each equation in slope-intercept form

大提示:

两条非竖直直线垂直时,斜率之积为 1-1

Perpendicular nonvertical lines have slopes whose product is 1-1

解答:

直线 (1)(1) 的斜率是 23\frac{2}{3},直线 (4)(4) 的斜率是 32-\frac{3}{2}。它们的积为 1-1,所以这两条直线互相垂直。

所以正确答案是 A

Line (1)(1) has slope 23,\frac{2}{3}, and line (4)(4) has slope 32.-\frac{3}{2}. Their product is 1,-1, so these two lines are perpendicular.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

8.

最小正整数 xx 是多少,能使 1260x=N31260x=N^3 成立?其中 NN 是整数。

The smallest positive integer xx for which 1260x=N3,1260x=N^3, where NN is an integer, is:

10501050

12601260

126021260^2

73507350

44,10044{,}100

答案:D
难度评级:1680
小提示:

12601260 分解质因数

Factor 12601260 into primes

大提示:

把每个质因数的指数补到下一个 33 的倍数

Raise every prime exponent to the next multiple of 33

解答:

因为 1260=2232571260=2^2\cdot3^2\cdot5\cdot7,要使每个指数都能被 33 整除,最小的乘数是 235272=73502\cdot3\cdot5^2\cdot7^2=7350\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

Since 1260=223257,1260=2^2\cdot3^2\cdot5\cdot7, the least multiplier making every exponent divisible by 33 is 235272=7350.2\cdot3\cdot5^2\cdot7^2=7350.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

9.

(a1a)7\left(a-\dfrac1{\sqrt a}\right)^7 的展开式中,a12a^{-\frac{1}{2}} 的系数是:

In the expansion of (a1a)7\left(a-\dfrac1{\sqrt a}\right)^7 the coefficient of a12a^{-\frac{1}{2}} is:

7-7

77

21-21

2121

3535

答案:C
难度评级:1850
小提示:

选取第二项 rr 次所得项的指数为 73r27-\frac{3r}{2}

The term choosing the second summand rr times has exponent 73r27-\frac{3r}{2}

大提示:

先令该指数等于 12-\frac{1}{2},再求二项式系数及其符号

Set that exponent equal to 12-\frac{1}{2} before finding the binomial coefficient and sign

解答:

恰好选取 a12-a^{-\frac{1}{2}}rr 次所得项的指数为 7rr2=73r27-r-\frac{r}{2}=7-\frac{3r}{2}。令它等于 12-\frac{1}{2},得到 r=5r=5。该项的系数是 (75)(1)5=21\binom75(-1)^5=-21

所以正确答案是 C

The term using a12-a^{-\frac{1}{2}} exactly rr times has exponent 7rr2=73r2.7-r-\frac{r}{2}=7-\frac{3r}{2}. Setting this to 12-\frac{1}{2} gives r=5.r=5. Its coefficient is (75)(1)5=21.\binom75(-1)^5=-21.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

10.

在正方形内部取一点 PP,该正方形的边长为 aa,所取点到两个相邻顶点的距离以及到这两个顶点对边的距离都相等。若 dd 表示这个公共距离,则 dd 等于:

Point PP is taken interior to a square with side-length aa and such that it is equally distant from two consecutive vertices and from the side opposite these vertices. If dd represents the common distance, then dd equals:

3a5\dfrac{3a}{5}

5a8\dfrac{5a}{8}

3a8\dfrac{3a}{8}

a22\dfrac{a\sqrt2}{2}

a2\dfrac a2

答案:B
难度评级:1730
小提示:

到两个相邻顶点距离相等,所以 PP 在它们连线的垂直平分线上

The equal distances to two consecutive vertices put PP on their perpendicular bisector

大提示:

若到对边的距离为 dd,利用两条直角边分别为 a2\frac{a}{2}ada-d 的直角三角形

If the distance to the opposite side is d,d, use a right triangle with legs a2\frac{a}{2} and ada-d

解答:

令对边的高度为 00,两个顶点的高度为 aa。则 P=(a2,d)P=(\frac{a}{2},d)。顶点距离与 dd 相等,故 (a2)2+(ad)2=d2\left(\frac a2\right)^2+(a-d)^2=d^2\text{,}所以 5a24=2ad\frac{5a^2}{4}=2ad,从而 d=5a8d=\frac{5a}{8}

所以正确答案是 B

Place the opposite side at height 00 and the two vertices at height a.a. Then P=(a2,d).P=(\frac{a}{2},d). Equality of the vertex distance and dd gives (a2)2+(ad)2=d2,\left(\frac a2\right)^2+(a-d)^2=d^2, so 5a24=2ad\frac{5a^2}{4}=2ad and d=5a8.d=\frac{5a}{8}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

11.

一组 5050 个数的算术平均数是 3838。若从中去掉 45455555 这两个数,剩余各数的算术平均数是:

The arithmetic mean of a set of 5050 numbers is 38.38. If two numbers of the set, namely 4545 and 55,55, are discarded, the arithmetic mean of the remaining set of numbers is:

38.538.5

37.537.5

3737

36.536.5

3636

答案:B
难度评级:1030
小提示:

根据平均数求出原来的总和

Recover the original sum from the mean

大提示:

减去 45+5545+55,再除以 4848

Subtract 45+5545+55 and divide by 4848

解答:

原来的总和是 5038=190050\cdot38=1900。去掉 45+55=10045+55=100 后,剩余各数之和为 18001800,所以新的平均数为 180048=37.5\frac{1800}{48}=37.5

所以正确答案是 B

The original sum is 5038=1900.50\cdot38=1900. After removing 45+55=100,45+55=100, the remaining sum is 1800,1800, so the new mean is 180048=37.5.\frac{1800}{48}=37.5.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

12.

平行四边形 PQRSPQRS 的三个顶点是 P(3,2)P(-3,-2)Q(1,5)Q(1,-5)R(9,1)R(9,1),其中 PPRR 是对角顶点。顶点 SS 的两个坐标之和是:

Three vertices of parallelogram PQRSPQRS are P(3,2),P(-3,-2), Q(1,5),Q(1,-5), R(9,1)R(9,1) with PP and RR diagonally opposite. The sum of the coordinates of vertex SS is:

1313

1212

1111

1010

99

答案:E
难度评级:1290
小提示:

平行四边形的两条对角线互相平分

The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other

大提示:

利用向量关系 P+R=Q+SP+R=Q+S

Use the vector relation P+R=Q+SP+R=Q+S

解答:

因为 P+R=Q+SP+R=Q+S,所以 S=P+RQ=(3,2)+(9,1)(1,5)=(5,4) \begin{aligned} S&=P+R-Q\\ &=(-3,-2)+(9,1)-(1,-5)\\ &=(5,4) \end{aligned}\text{。}坐标之和为 5+4=95+4=9

所以正确答案是 E

Since P+R=Q+S,P+R=Q+S, S=P+RQ=(3,2)+(9,1)(1,5)=(5,4). \begin{aligned} S&=P+R-Q\\ &=(-3,-2)+(9,1)-(1,-5)\\ &=(5,4). \end{aligned} The coordinate sum is 5+4=9.5+4=9.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

13.

2a+2b=3c+3d2^a+2^b=3^c+3^d,则整数 aabbccdd 中最多有几个可以是负数?

If 2a+2b=3c+3d,2^a+2^b=3^c+3^d, the number of integers a,a, b,b, c,c, dd which can possibly be negative is, at most:

44

33

22

11

00

答案:E
难度评级:2160
小提示:

约分后,左边的分母只能含因数 22,右边的分母只能含因数 33

A reduced denominator on the left can contain only 2,2, while one on the right can contain only 33

大提示:

先推出两边都是整数,再考察两个负指数幂之和何时可能是整数

Conclude both sides must be integers, then examine when a sum of two negative powers can be integral

解答:

化为最简分数后,左边的分母只能是 22 的幂,右边的分母只能是 33 的幂。两边相等就迫使两边都是整数。若 ccdd 为负数,3c+3d3^c+3^d 的分母中仍会含因数 33。因此 c,d0c,d\geq0

同理,aabb 为负数时,和为整数的唯一特殊情形是 a=b=1a=b=-1,此时和为 11。但 3c+3d23^c+3^d\geq2。所以也有 a,b0a,b\geq0,没有一个可以是负数。

所以正确答案是 E

In lowest terms, the left side can have only a power of 22 in its denominator, while the right side can have only a power of 3.3. Equality therefore forces both sides to be integers. If either cc or dd were negative, 3c+3d3^c+3^d would retain a factor 33 in its denominator. Thus c,d0.c,d\geq0.

Likewise, negative aa or bb can give an integer only in the exceptional case a=b=1,a=b=-1, whose sum is 1.1. But 3c+3d2.3^c+3^d\geq2. Hence a,b0a,b\geq0 as well, so none can be negative.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

14.

给定方程 x2+kx+6=0x^2+kx+6=0x2kx+6=0x^2-kx+6=0。如果适当排列两方程的根后,第二个方程的每个根都比第一个方程的对应根大 55,那么 kk 等于:

Given the equations x2+kx+6=0x^2+kx+6=0 and x2kx+6=0.x^2-kx+6=0. If, when the roots of the equations are suitably listed, each root of the second equation is 55 more than the corresponding root of the first equation, then kk equals:

55

5-5

77

7-7

以上都不是

none of these

答案:A
难度评级:1500
小提示:

比较两组根的和

Compare the sums of the two pairs of roots

大提示:

每个根都增加 55,会使根的和增加 1010

Adding 55 to each root increases their sum by 1010

解答:

第一个方程的两根之和为 k-k,第二个方程的两根之和为 kk。因为两个根都增加了 55,所以 k=k+10k=-k+10,从而 k=5k=5

所以正确答案是 A

The first pair of roots has sum k,-k, while the second has sum k.k. Since both roots increase by 5,5, k=k+10,k=-k+10, so k=5.k=5.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

15.

一个圆内切于等边三角形,一个正方形内接于该圆。三角形面积与正方形面积之比是:

A circle is inscribed in an equilateral triangle, and a square is inscribed in the circle. The ratio of the area of the triangle to the area of the square is:

3:1\sqrt3:1

3:2\sqrt3:\sqrt2

33:23\sqrt3:2

3:23:\sqrt2

3:223:2\sqrt2

答案:C
难度评级:1570
小提示:

用圆的半径 rr 表示两个面积

Express both areas using the circle’s radius rr

大提示:

三角形的边长是 23r2\sqrt3r,正方形的对角线长是 2r2r

The triangle’s side is 23r2\sqrt3r and the square’s diagonal is 2r2r

解答:

若圆的半径为 rr,则等边三角形的边长为 23r2\sqrt3r,面积为 33r23\sqrt3r^2。正方形的边长为 r2r\sqrt2,面积为 2r22r^2。所求比为 33:23\sqrt3:2

所以正确答案是 C

If the circle has radius r,r, the equilateral triangle has side 23r2\sqrt3r and area 33r2.3\sqrt3r^2. The square has side r2r\sqrt2 and area 2r2.2r^2. The ratio is 33:2.3\sqrt3:2.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

16.

三个非零数 aabbcc 成等差数列。把 aa 增加 11 或把 cc 增加 22,所得三个数都成等比数列。则 bb 等于:

Three numbers a,a, b,b, c,c, none zero, form an arithmetic progression. Increasing aa by 11 or increasing cc by 22 results in a geometric progression. Then bb equals:

1616

1414

1212

1010

88

答案:C
难度评级:1920
小提示:

把三个数列条件写成含有 b2b^2a+ca+c 的方程

Translate the three progression conditions into equations involving b2b^2 and a+ca+c

大提示:

先比较 (a+1)c=b2=a(c+2)(a+1)c=b^2=a(c+2)

Compare (a+1)c=b2=a(c+2)(a+1)c=b^2=a(c+2) first

解答:

这些条件给出 2b=a+c,b2=(a+1)c,b2=a(c+2) \begin{gathered} 2b=a+c,\\ b^2=(a+1)c,\qquad b^2=a(c+2) \end{gathered}\text{。}比较后两个等式,得 c=2ac=2a。因此 b=3a2b=\frac{3a}{2},并且 9a24=2a(a+1)\frac{9a^2}{4}=2a(a+1)。由于 a0a\ne0,得 a=8a=8,所以 b=12b=12

所以正确答案是 C

The conditions give 2b=a+c,b2=(a+1)c,b2=a(c+2). \begin{gathered} 2b=a+c,\\ b^2=(a+1)c,\qquad b^2=a(c+2). \end{gathered} Comparing the last two yields c=2a.c=2a. Thus b=3a2,b=\frac{3a}{2}, and 9a24=2a(a+1).\frac{9a^2}{4}=2a(a+1). Since a0,a\ne0, a=8,a=8, so b=12.b=12.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

17.

表达式

aa+y+yayya+yaay \frac{\dfrac{a}{a+y}+\dfrac{y}{a-y}} {\dfrac{y}{a+y}-\dfrac{a}{a-y}}\text{,}

其中 aa 为实数且 a0a\ne0,对于下列哪些取值,表达式的值为 1-1

The expression

aa+y+yayya+yaay, \frac{\dfrac{a}{a+y}+\dfrac{y}{a-y}} {\dfrac{y}{a+y}-\dfrac{a}{a-y}},

aa real, a0,a\ne0, has the value 1-1 for:

除两个实数值外的所有 yy

all but two real values of yy

仅两个实数值的 yy

only two real values of yy

所有实数值的 yy

all real values of yy

仅一个实数值的 yy

only one real value of yy

没有实数值的 yy

no real values of yy

答案:A
知识点:分数代数变形
难度评级:1570
小提示:

分别通分化简分子和分母

Combine the two fractions in the numerator and denominator separately

大提示:

注意被排除的值 y=±ay=\pm a

Keep track of the excluded values y=±ay=\pm a

解答:

y±ay\ne\pm a 时,分子化简为 a2+y2a2y2\frac{a^2+y^2}{a^2-y^2},分母恰为它的相反数。因此商为 1-1。当 y=ay=ay=ay=-a 时,原式没有定义。

所以正确答案是 A

For y±a,y\ne\pm a, the numerator simplifies to a2+y2a2y2\frac{a^2+y^2}{a^2-y^2} and the denominator to its negative. Their quotient is therefore 1.-1. The two values y=ay=a and y=ay=-a are undefined.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

18.

EFEF 是弦 BCBC 的垂直平分线,并与其交于 MM。在 BBMM 之间取一点 UU,延长 EUEU 与圆交于 AA。对于任意如此选取的 UU,三角形 EUMEUM 与下列哪个三角形相似?

Chord EFEF is the perpendicular bisector of chord BC,BC, intersecting it in M.M. Between BB and MM point UU is taken, and EUEU extended meets the circle in A.A. Then, for any selection of U,U, as described, triangle EUMEUM is similar to triangle:

EFAEFA

EFCEFC

ABMABM

ABUABU

FMCFMC

答案:A
知识点:相似
难度评级:1990
小提示:

弦的垂直平分线经过圆心,因此 EFEF 是直径

Because the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the center, EFEF is a diameter

大提示:

比较直角以及两三角形在 EE 点的公共角

Compare the right angles and the shared angle at EE

解答:

因为 EFEF 是直径,所以 EAF=90\angle EAF=90^\circ。又因为 EFBCEF\perp BC,所以 EMU=90\angle EMU=90^\circ。由于 E,U,AE,U,A 共线,两个三角形在 EE 点有同一个锐角。因此 EUMEFA\triangle EUM\sim\triangle EFA

所以正确答案是 A

Since EFEF is a diameter, EAF=90.\angle EAF=90^\circ. Also EFBC,EF\perp BC, so EMU=90.\angle EMU=90^\circ. Because E,U,AE,U,A are collinear, the two triangles share the same acute angle at E.E. Hence EUMEFA.\triangle EUM\sim\triangle EFA.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

19.

清点 nn 个彩球,其中一些是红球,另一些是黑球。最先清点的 5050 个球中有 4949 个红球;此后每清点 88 个球,就有 77 个红球。如果清点的所有球中至少有 90%90\% 是红球,那么 nn 的最大值是:

In counting nn colored balls, some red and some black, it was found that 4949 of the first 5050 counted were red. Thereafter, 77 out of every 88 counted were red. If, in all, 90%90\% or more of the balls counted were red, the maximum value of nn is:

225225

210210

200200

180180

175175

答案:B
难度评级:1640
小提示:

把红球数写成 49+78(n50)49+\frac78(n-50)

Write the number of red balls as 49+78(n50)49+\frac78(n-50)

大提示:

令这个数量至少为 0.9n0.9n

Require that quantity to be at least 0.9n0.9n

解答:

条件为 49+78(n50)910n49+\frac78(n-50)\geq\frac9{10}n\text{。}化简得 214n40\frac{21}{4}\geq \frac{n}{40},所以 n210n\leq210。最大值为 210210

所以正确答案是 B

The condition is 49+78(n50)910n.49+\frac78(n-50)\geq\frac9{10}n. Simplifying gives 214n40,\frac{21}{4}\geq \frac{n}{40}, so n210.n\leq210. The maximum is 210.210.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

20.

RR 点与 SS 点相距 7676 英里。两人分别从这两点同时出发,相向而行。从 RR 点出发的人始终以每小时 4124\dfrac12 英里的速度行走;从 SS 点出发的人第一小时以每小时 3143\dfrac14 英里的速度行走,第二小时以每小时 3343\dfrac34 英里的速度行走,之后各小时的速度依次成等差数列。若两人在整数小时后相遇,且相遇点到 RR 点比到 SS 点近 xx 英里,则 xx 是:

Two men at points RR and S,S, 7676 miles apart, set out at the same time to walk towards each other. The man at RR walks uniformly at 4124\dfrac12 miles per hour; the man at SS walks at 3143\dfrac14 miles per hour for the first hour, at 3343\dfrac34 miles per hour for the second hour, and so on, in arithmetic progression. If the men meet xx miles nearer RR than SS in an integral number of hours, then xx is:

1010

88

66

44

22

答案:D
难度评级:1920
小提示:

设相遇时间为整数 hh 小时,并求第二个人每小时路程的等差数列之和

Let the integral meeting time be hh hours and sum the second man’s hourly distances

大提示:

两人路程之和的方程化简为 h2+30h304=0h^2+30h-304=0

Their combined distance equation simplifies to h2+30h304=0h^2+30h-304=0

解答:

hh 小时内,第一个人走了 9h2\frac{9h}{2} 英里。第二个人走过的路程是等差数列之和 h2(2134+(h1)12)=3h+h24 \begin{aligned} &\frac h2\left(2\cdot\frac{13}{4} +(h-1)\frac12\right)\\ &\qquad=3h+\frac{h^2}{4} \end{aligned}\text{。}两人的路程之和为 7676,得到 h2+30h304=0h^2+30h-304=0,其正根为 h=8h=8。他们分别走了 3636 英里和 4040 英里,因此相遇点到 RR 点比到 SS 点近 44 英里。

所以正确答案是 D

In hh hours the first man walks 9h2.\frac{9h}{2}. The second walks an arithmetic-series total h2(2134+(h1)12)=3h+h24. \begin{aligned} &\frac h2\left(2\cdot\frac{13}{4} +(h-1)\frac12\right)\\ &\qquad=3h+\frac{h^2}{4}. \end{aligned} Their distances sum to 76,76, giving h2+30h304=0,h^2+30h-304=0, whose positive root is h=8.h=8. They walk 3636 and 4040 miles, so the meeting point is 44 miles nearer RR than S.S.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

21.

表达式 x2y2z2+2yz+x+yzx^2-y^2-z^2+2yz+x+y-z 具有:

The expression x2y2z2+2yz+x+yzx^2-y^2-z^2+2yz+x+y-z has:

没有系数和指数均为整数的一次因式

no linear factor with integer coefficients and integer exponents

因式 x+y+z-x+y+z

the factor x+y+z-x+y+z

因式 xyz+1x-y-z+1

the factor xyz+1x-y-z+1

因式 x+yz+1x+y-z+1

the factor x+yz+1x+y-z+1

因式 xy+z+1x-y+z+1

the factor xy+z+1x-y+z+1

答案:E
难度评级:1520
小提示:

yzy-z 看作一个整体

Group yzy-z as a single expression

大提示:

把多项式改写为 x2(yz)2+x+(yz)x^2-(y-z)^2+x+(y-z)

Rewrite the polynomial as x2(yz)2+x+(yz)x^2-(y-z)^2+x+(y-z)

解答:

u=yzu=y-z。两部分可分解为 x2u2=(x+u)(xu),x+u=(x+u)1 \begin{gathered} x^2-u^2=(x+u)(x-u),\\ x+u=(x+u)\cdot1 \end{gathered}\text{。}因此整个表达式是 (x+u)(xu+1)(x+u)(x-u+1),它的一个因式是 xy+z+1x-y+z+1

所以正确答案是 E

Let u=yz.u=y-z. The two groups factor as x2u2=(x+u)(xu),x+u=(x+u)1. \begin{gathered} x^2-u^2=(x+u)(x-u),\\ x+u=(x+u)\cdot1. \end{gathered} Thus the whole expression is (x+u)(xu+1),(x+u)(x-u+1), and one factor is xy+z+1.x-y+z+1.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

22.

锐角三角形 ABCABC 内接于以 OO 为圆心的圆,且 AB=120\overset{\frown}{AB}=120^\circBC=72\overset{\frown}{BC}=72^\circ。取一点 EE 于劣弧 ACAC 上,使 OEOE 垂直于 ACAC。角 OBEOBE 与角 BACBAC 的度数之比是:

Acute-angled triangle ABCABC is inscribed in a circle with center at O;O; AB=120\overset{\frown}{AB}=120^\circ and BC=72.\overset{\frown}{BC}=72^\circ. A point EE is taken in minor arc ACAC such that OEOE is perpendicular to AC.AC. Then the ratio of the magnitudes of angles OBEOBE and BACBAC is:

518\dfrac5{18}

29\dfrac29

14\dfrac14

13\dfrac13

49\dfrac49

答案:D
难度评级:2030
小提示:

先求劣弧 ACAC 的度数,再利用 OEACOE\perp AC 确定 EE 是该弧的中点

Find minor arc AC,AC, then use OEACOE\perp AC to locate EE at its midpoint

大提示:

计算圆心角 BOEBOE 和圆周角 BACBAC

Compute the central angle BOEBOE and the inscribed angle BACBAC

解答:

劣弧 ACAC 的度数为 36012072=168360^\circ-120^\circ-72^\circ=168^\circ。因为 OEACOE\perp AC,所以 EE 平分该弧,故 BOE=72+84=156\angle BOE=72^\circ+84^\circ=156^\circ。等腰三角形 OBEOBE 给出 OBE=12\angle OBE=12^\circ,而 BAC=722=36\angle BAC=\frac{72^\circ}{2}=36^\circ。二者之比为 13\frac{1}{3}

所以正确答案是 D

Minor arc ACAC has measure 36012072=168.360^\circ-120^\circ-72^\circ=168^\circ. Since OEAC,OE\perp AC, EE bisects that arc, so BOE=72+84=156.\angle BOE=72^\circ+84^\circ=156^\circ. Isosceles triangle OBEOBE gives OBE=12,\angle OBE=12^\circ, while BAC=722=36.\angle BAC=\frac{72^\circ}{2}=36^\circ. Their ratio is 13.\frac{1}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

23.

AA 先给 BBBB 原有钱数相同的美分,再给 CCCC 原有钱数相同的美分。接着,BB 同样分别给 AACC 与他们当时各自钱数相同的美分。最后,CC 也同样分别给 AABB 与他们当时各自钱数相同的美分。如果最终每人都有 1616 美分,那么 AA 最初有多少美分?

AA gives BB as many cents as BB has and CC as many cents as CC has. Similarly, BB then gives AA and CC as many cents as each then has. CC, similarly, then gives AA and BB as many cents as each then has. If each finally has 1616 cents, with how many cents does AA start?

2424

2626

2828

3030

3232

答案:B
知识点:钱币逆推法
难度评级:1780
小提示:

从最终每人的钱数倒推

Work backward from the final holdings

大提示:

某人给钱之前,每位收款人的钱数应为收款后的一半

Immediately before someone gives, each recipient must have half of the amount held just after that gift

解答:

逆向还原这些交易。CC 给钱之前,三人的钱数为 (8,8,32)(8,8,32)BB 给钱之前,钱数为 (4,28,16)(4,28,16)AA 给钱之前,BBCC 必须分别有 141488 美分,而 AA4+14+8=264+14+8=26 美分。

所以正确答案是 B

Reverse the transactions. Before CC gives, the holdings are (8,8,32).(8,8,32). Before BB gives, they are (4,28,16).(4,28,16). Before AA gives, BB and CC must have had 1414 and 8,8, while AA had 4+14+8=26.4+14+8=26.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

24.

考虑形如 x2+bx+c=0x^2+bx+c=0 的方程。若系数 bbcc 都从整数集合 {1,2,3,4,5,6}\{1,2,3,4,5,6\} 中选取,其中有多少个方程具有实根?

Consider equations of the form x2+bx+c=0.x^2+bx+c=0. How many such equations have real roots and have coefficients bb and cc selected from the set of integers {1,2,3,4,5,6}?\{1,2,3,4,5,6\}?

2020

1919

1818

1717

1616

答案:B
难度评级:1570
小提示:

有实根要求 b24cb^2\geq4c

Real roots require b24cb^2\geq4c

大提示:

对每个 c=1,,6c=1,\ldots,6,数出可取的 bb

For each c=1,,6,c=1,\ldots,6, count the allowed values of bb

解答:

cc 依次等于 112233445566 时,条件 b24cb^2\geq4c 相应地允许 554433332222 个给定集合中的 bb 值。它们的总和为 5+4+3+3+2+2=195+4+3+3+2+2=19

所以正确答案是 B

For cc equal to 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, 5,5, and 6,6, the condition b24cb^2\geq4c permits respectively 5,5, 4,4, 3,3, 3,3, 2,2, and 22 values of bb in the given set. Their sum is 5+4+3+3+2+2=19.5+4+3+3+2+2=19.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

25.

在正方形 ABCDABCD 的边 ADAD 上取一点 FF。过 CCCFCF 的垂线,与 ABAB 的延长线交于 EEABCDABCD 的面积为 256256 平方英寸,三角形 CEFCEF 的面积为 200200 平方英寸。则 BEBE 的长度为多少英寸?

Point FF is taken in side ADAD of square ABCD.ABCD. At CC a perpendicular is drawn to CF,CF, meeting ABAB extended at E.E. The area of ABCDABCD is 256256 square inches and the area of triangle CEFCEF is 200200 square inches. Then the number of inches in BEBE is:

1212

1414

1515

1616

2020

答案:A
难度评级:1900
小提示:

证明直角三角形 CDFCDFCBECBE 全等

Show that right triangles CDFCDF and CBECBE are congruent

大提示:

于是 CF=CECF=CE,再利用直角三角形 CEFCEF 的面积

Then CF=CE,CF=CE, so use the area of right triangle CEFCEF

解答:

互余的锐角和正方形的等边给出 CDFCBE\triangle CDF\cong\triangle CBE,从而 CF=CECF=CE。由于 CFCECF\perp CE200=[CEF]=12CECF=12CE2 \begin{aligned} 200=[CEF] &=\frac12 CE\cdot CF\\ &=\frac12CE^2 \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 CE=20CE=20。正方形边长为 1616,在直角三角形 CBECBE 中,BE=202162=12BE=\sqrt{20^2-16^2}=12

所以正确答案是 A

The complementary acute angles and the equal square sides give CDFCBE,\triangle CDF\cong\triangle CBE, hence CF=CE.CF=CE. Since CFCE,CF\perp CE, 200=[CEF]=12CECF=12CE2, \begin{aligned} 200=[CEF] &=\frac12 CE\cdot CF\\ &=\frac12CE^2, \end{aligned} so CE=20.CE=20. The square side is 16,16, and right triangle CBECBE gives BE=202162=12.BE=\sqrt{20^2-16^2}=12.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

26.

形式 I。考虑以下命题:

(1)p¬qr,(2)¬p¬qr,(3)p¬q¬r,(4)¬pqr \begin{aligned} (1)\quad&p\land\neg q\land r,\\ (2)\quad&\neg p\land\neg q\land r,\\ (3)\quad&p\land\neg q\land\neg r,\\ (4)\quad&\neg p\land q\land r \end{aligned}\text{,}

其中 ppqqrr 是命题。以上有多少个能推出 (pq)r(p\to q)\to r 为真?

形式 II。考虑以下命题:(1)(1) pprr 为真且 qq 为假;(2)(2) rr 为真且 ppqq 为假;(3)(3) pp 为真且 qqrr 为假;(4)(4) qqrr 为真且 pp 为假。以上有多少个能推出命题“rr 可由‘pp 蕴含 qq’推出”为真?

Form I. Consider the statements

(1)p¬qr,(2)¬p¬qr,(3)p¬q¬r,(4)¬pqr, \begin{aligned} (1)\quad&p\land\neg q\land r,\\ (2)\quad&\neg p\land\neg q\land r,\\ (3)\quad&p\land\neg q\land\neg r,\\ (4)\quad&\neg p\land q\land r, \end{aligned}

where p,p, q,q, rr are propositions. How many of these imply the truth of (pq)r?(p\to q)\to r?

Form II. Consider the statements (1)(1) pp and rr are true and qq is false, (2)(2) rr is true and pp and qq are false, (3)(3) pp is true and qq and rr are false, (4)(4) qq and rr are true and pp is false. How many of these imply the truth of the statement “rr is implied by the statement that pp implies qq”?

00

11

22

33

44

答案:E
知识点:逻辑推理
难度评级:1880
小提示:

只有当前件为真而后件为假时,蕴含命题才为假

An implication is false only when its antecedent is true and its consequent is false

大提示:

在四种真值指派中先分别计算 pqp\to q

Evaluate pqp\to q first in each of the four assignments

解答:

在情形 (1)(1)(3)(3) 中,pqp\to q 为假,所以外层蕴含为真。在情形 (2)(2)(4)(4) 中,pqp\to q 为真,而 rr 也为真,所以外层蕴含仍为真。因此四个命题都能推出它。

所以正确答案是 E

In cases (1)(1) and (3),(3), pqp\to q is false, so the outer implication is true. In cases (2)(2) and (4),(4), pqp\to q is true, but rr is also true, so the outer implication is again true. All four statements imply it.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

27.

在平面上画六条直线,其中任意两条都不平行,任意三条都不共点。它们把平面分成的区域数是:

Six straight lines are drawn in a plane with no two parallel and no three concurrent. The number of regions into which they divide the plane is:

1616

2020

2222

2424

2626

答案:C
难度评级:1520
小提示:

kk 条直线被前面的直线截成 kk

The kkth line is cut into kk pieces by the previous lines

大提示:

从一个区域开始,再加上 1+2++61+2+\cdots+6

Start with one region and add 1+2++61+2+\cdots+6

解答:

依次画出的直线分别新增 1,2,,61,2,\ldots,6 个区域。因此区域总数为 1+k=16k=1+21=22 1+\sum_{k=1}^{6}k=1+21=22\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

Successive lines create 1,2,,61,2,\ldots,6 new regions. Thus the total is 1+k=16k=1+21=22. 1+\sum_{k=1}^{6}k=1+21=22.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

28.

已知方程 3x24x+k=03x^2-4x+k=0 有实根。使该方程两根之积最大的 kk 值是:

Given the equation 3x24x+k=03x^2-4x+k=0 with real roots. The value of kk for which the product of the roots of the equation is a maximum is:

169\dfrac{16}{9}

163\dfrac{16}{3}

49\dfrac49

43\dfrac43

43-\dfrac43

答案:D
难度评级:1210
小提示:

两根之积为 k3\frac{k}{3}

The product of the roots is k3\frac{k}{3}

大提示:

利用判别式条件求出 kk 的最大允许值

Use the discriminant condition to find the largest allowed kk

解答:

有实根要求 1612k016-12k\geq0,所以 k43k\leq\frac{4}{3}。两根之积为 k3\frac{k}{3},它随 kk 增大。因此在 k=43k=\frac{4}{3} 时达到最大。

所以正确答案是 D

Real roots require 1612k0,16-12k\geq0, so k43.k\leq\frac{4}{3}. The root product is k3,\frac{k}{3}, which increases with k.k. It is therefore largest at k=43.k=\frac{4}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

29.

一个竖直向上发射的质点在 tt 秒末到达 ss 英尺的高度,其中 s=160t16t2s=160t-16t^2。它能达到的最大高度是:

A particle projected vertically upward reaches, at the end of tt seconds, an elevation of ss feet where s=160t16t2.s=160t-16t^2. The highest elevation is:

800800

640640

400400

320320

160160

答案:C
难度评级:1320
小提示:

高度是开口向下的二次函数

The height is a downward-opening quadratic

大提示:

利用 b2a-\frac{b}{2a} 求顶点对应的时刻

Find its vertex time using b2a-\frac{b}{2a}

解答:

顶点对应的时刻为 t=160216=5t=-\frac{160}{2\cdot-16}=5。此时 s(5)=160(5)16(25)=400s(5)=160(5)-16(25)=400\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

The vertex occurs at t=160216=5.t=-\frac{160}{2\cdot-16}=5. Then s(5)=160(5)16(25)=400.s(5)=160(5)-16(25)=400.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

30.

F=log1+x1x F=\log\frac{1+x}{1-x}\text{。}

求新函数 GG:把 xxFF 中的每一次出现都替换为

3x+x31+3x2 \frac{3x+x^3}{1+3x^2}\text{,}

并化简。化简后的 GG 等于:

Let

F=log1+x1x. F=\log\frac{1+x}{1-x}.

Form a new function GG by replacing each xx in FF by

3x+x31+3x2, \frac{3x+x^3}{1+3x^2},

and simplify. The simplified expression GG is equal to:

F-F

FF

3F3F

F3F^3

F3FF^3-F

答案:C
难度评级:2020
小提示:

把代入的分式记为 uu,并化简 1+u1u\frac{1+u}{1-u}

Call the substituted fraction uu and simplify 1+u1u\frac{1+u}{1-u}

大提示:

它的分子和分母都可分解为立方

Its numerator and denominator factor as cubes

解答:

u=3x+x31+3x2u=\frac{3x+x^3}{1+3x^2},则 1+u1u=1+3x+3x2+x313x+3x2x3=(1+x1x)3 \begin{aligned} \frac{1+u}{1-u} &=\frac{1+3x+3x^2+x^3} {1-3x+3x^2-x^3}\\ &=\left(\frac{1+x}{1-x}\right)^3 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 G=log(1+x1x)3G=\log(\frac{1+x}{1-x})^3,所以 G=3FG=3F

所以正确答案是 C

For u=3x+x31+3x2,u=\frac{3x+x^3}{1+3x^2}, 1+u1u=1+3x+3x2+x313x+3x2x3=(1+x1x)3. \begin{aligned} \frac{1+u}{1-u} &=\frac{1+3x+3x^2+x^3} {1-3x+3x^2-x^3}\\ &=\left(\frac{1+x}{1-x}\right)^3. \end{aligned} Therefore G=log(1+x1x)3,G=\log(\frac{1+x}{1-x})^3, so G=3F.G=3F.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

31.

方程 2x+3y=7632x+3y=763 的正整数解共有:

The number of solutions in positive integers of 2x+3y=7632x+3y=763 is:

255255

254254

128128

127127

00

答案:D
难度评级:1710
小提示:

解出 x=7633y2x=\frac{763-3y}{2}

Solve for x=7633y2x=\frac{763-3y}{2}

大提示:

要使 xx 为正整数,yy 必须是小于 7633\frac{763}{3} 的正奇数

Positive integral xx requires yy to be an odd positive integer below 7633\frac{763}{3}

解答:

yy 必须为奇数,才能使 7633y763-3y 为偶数;正数条件给出 1y2531\leq y\leq253。奇数 1133\ldots253253 共有 253+12=127\frac{253+1}{2}=127 个。

所以正确答案是 D

We need yy odd so that 7633y763-3y is even, and positivity gives 1y253.1\leq y\leq253. The odd values 1,1, 3,3, ,\ldots, and 253253 number 253+12=127.\frac{253+1}{2}=127.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

32.

矩形 RR 的边长为 aabb,其中 a<ba\lt b。现要得到一个边长为 xxyy 的矩形,其中 x<ax\lt ay<ay\lt a,使它的周长是 RR 的三分之一,面积也是 RR 的三分之一。这样的不同矩形共有:

The dimensions of a rectangle RR are aa and b,b, a<b.a\lt b. It is required to obtain a rectangle with dimensions xx and y,y, x<a,x\lt a, y<a,y\lt a, so that its perimeter is one-third that of R,R, and its area is one-third that of R.R. The number of such (different) rectangles is:

00

11

22

44

无穷多个

infinitely many

答案:A
难度评级:1990
小提示:

把条件写成 3(x+y)=a+b3(x+y)=a+b3xy=ab3xy=ab

Translate the conditions into 3(x+y)=a+b3(x+y)=a+b and 3xy=ab3xy=ab

大提示:

用和式除以积式,再利用 x<ax\lt ay<ay\lt aa<ba\lt b 比较倒数

Divide the sum equation by the product equation and compare reciprocals using x<a,x\lt a, y<a,y\lt a, and a<ba\lt b

解答:

这些条件给出 3(x+y)=a+b3(x+y)=a+b3xy=ab3xy=ab。相除得到 1x+1y=1a+1b\frac1x+\frac1y=\frac1a+\frac1b\text{。}但是 x<ax\lt ay<ay\lt a 使左边大于 2a\frac{2}{a},而 a<ba\lt b 使右边小于 2a\frac{2}{a}。这不可能成立。

所以正确答案是 A

The conditions give 3(x+y)=a+b3(x+y)=a+b and 3xy=ab.3xy=ab. Dividing yields 1x+1y=1a+1b.\frac1x+\frac1y=\frac1a+\frac1b. But x<ax\lt a and y<ay\lt a make the left side greater than 2a,\frac{2}{a}, while a<ba\lt b makes the right side less than 2a.\frac{2}{a}. This is impossible.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

33.

已知直线 y=34x+6y=\dfrac34x+6,另有直线 LL 与它平行且相距 44 个单位。下列哪一个可能是 LL 的方程?

Given the line y=34x+6y=\dfrac34x+6 and a line LL parallel to the given line and 44 units from it. A possible equation for LL is:

y=34x+1y=\dfrac34x+1

y=34xy=\dfrac34x

y=34x23y=\dfrac34x-\dfrac23

y=34x1y=\dfrac34x-1

y=34x+2y=\dfrac34x+2

答案:A
难度评级:1750
小提示:

把平行直线写成 3x4y+c=03x-4y+c=0 的形式

Write parallel lines as 3x4y+c=03x-4y+c=0

大提示:

两直线间的距离等于常数项之差的绝对值除以 55

The distance equals the absolute difference of constants divided by 55

解答:

已知直线可写成 3x4y+24=03x-4y+24=0。平行直线 y=3x4+by=\frac{3x}{4}+b 可写成 3x4y+4b=03x-4y+4b=0,所以两直线间的距离为 244b5\frac{|24-4b|}{5}。令它等于 44,得到 6b=5|6-b|=5,从而 b=1b=11111。选项 A 是可能的。

所以正确答案是 A

The given line is 3x4y+24=0.3x-4y+24=0. A parallel line y=3x4+by=\frac{3x}{4}+b is 3x4y+4b=0,3x-4y+4b=0, so the distance is 244b5.\frac{|24-4b|}{5}. Setting this equal to 44 gives 6b=5,|6-b|=5, hence b=1b=1 or 11.11. Choice A is possible.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

34.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,边 a=3a=\sqrt3,边 b=3b=\sqrt3,且边 c>3c\gt3。设 xx 是满足“边 cc 所对角的度数必大于 xx”的最大数,则 xx 等于:

In triangle ABC,ABC, side a=3,a=\sqrt3, side b=3,b=\sqrt3, and side c>3.c\gt3. Let xx be the largest number such that the magnitude, in degrees, of the angle opposite side cc exceeds x.x. Then xx equals:

150150

120120

105105

9090

6060

答案:B
难度评级:1920
小提示:

对边 cc 所对的角 CC 使用余弦定理

Use the law of cosines for the angle CC opposite cc

大提示:

c>3c\gt3 与极限情形 c=3c=3 比较

Compare c>3c\gt3 with the limiting case c=3c=3

解答:

余弦定理给出 cosC=3+3c2233=6c26\cos C=\frac{3+3-c^2}{2\sqrt3\sqrt3}=\frac{6-c^2}{6}\text{。}因为 c>3c\gt3,所以 cosC<12\cos C\lt-\frac{1}{2},从而 C>120C\gt120^\circ。角度可以趋近 120120^\circ,只要 cc 从右侧趋近 33,所以能保证的最大下界是 120120

所以正确答案是 B

The law of cosines gives cosC=3+3c2233=6c26.\cos C=\frac{3+3-c^2}{2\sqrt3\sqrt3}=\frac{6-c^2}{6}. Since c>3,c\gt3, cosC<12,\cos C\lt-\frac{1}{2}, so C>120.C\gt120^\circ. Values can approach 120120^\circ as cc approaches 33 from above, so the largest guaranteed bound is 120.120.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

35.

一个三角形的三边长都是整数,面积也是整数。其中一边长为 2121,周长为 4848。最短边的长度是:

The lengths of the sides of a triangle are integers, and its area is also an integer. One side is 2121 and the perimeter is 48.48. The shortest side is:

88

1010

1212

1414

1616

答案:B
难度评级:2100
小提示:

把另外两边写成 xx27x27-x,半周长为 2424

Write the other sides as xx and 27x27-x, with semiperimeter 2424

大提示:

海伦公式给出面积平方为 72(24x)(x3)72(24-x)(x-3)

Heron’s formula makes the squared area 72(24x)(x3)72(24-x)(x-3)

解答:

设另外两边为 xx27x27-x,并令 x27xx\leq27-x。半周长是 2424,所以海伦公式给出 K2=243(24x)(x3)=72(24x)(x3) \begin{aligned} K^2 &=24\cdot3(24-x)(x-3)\\ &=72(24-x)(x-3) \end{aligned}\text{。}三角形不等式给出 4x134\leq x\leq13。逐一检查这些整数,当 x=4,,9x=4,\ldots,9 时该表达式都不是完全平方数;当 x=10x=10 时,它等于 72147=7056=84272\cdot14\cdot7=7056=84^2。因此最短边长为 1010

所以正确答案是 B

Let the other sides be xx and 27x,27-x, with x27x.x\leq27-x. The semiperimeter is 24,24, so Heron’s formula gives K2=243(24x)(x3)=72(24x)(x3). \begin{aligned} K^2 &=24\cdot3(24-x)(x-3)\\ &=72(24-x)(x-3). \end{aligned} The triangle inequalities give 4x13.4\leq x\leq13. Checking these integers, the expression is not a square for x=4,,9,x=4,\ldots,9, while at x=10x=10 it is 72147=7056=842.72\cdot14\cdot7=7056=84^2. Thus the shortest side is 10.10.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

36.

某人起初有 6464 美分,共下注 66 次,赢三次、输三次,输赢的次序随机,每次获胜和失败的概率相同。每次下注金额都是下注时剩余钱数的一半,则最终结果是:

A person starting with 6464 cents and making 66 bets, wins three times and loses three times, the wins and losses occurring in random order. The chance for a win is equal to the chance for a loss. If each wager is for half the money remaining at the time of the bet, then the final result is:

损失 2727 美分

a loss of 2727¢

获利 2727 美分

a gain of 2727¢

损失 3737 美分

a loss of 3737¢

既没有获利也没有损失

neither a gain nor a loss

获利或损失取决于输赢的次序

a gain or a loss depending upon the order in which the wins and losses occur

答案:C
知识点:指数过程模拟
难度评级:1470
小提示:

赢一次会把现有钱数乘以 32\frac{3}{2},输一次会把它乘以 12\frac{1}{2}

A win multiplies the current amount by 32\frac{3}{2}, while a loss multiplies it by 12\frac{1}{2}

大提示:

乘法交换律说明次序无关紧要

Multiplication makes the order irrelevant

解答:

三胜三负之后,剩余钱数(单位:美分)为 64(32)3(12)3=642764=27 \begin{aligned} 64\left(\frac32\right)^3 \left(\frac12\right)^3 &=64\cdot\frac{27}{64}\\ &=27 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此无论次序如何,损失都是 6427=3764-27=37 美分。

所以正确答案是 C

After three wins and three losses, the amount, in cents, is 64(32)3(12)3=642764=27. \begin{aligned} 64\left(\frac32\right)^3 \left(\frac12\right)^3 &=64\cdot\frac{27}{64}\\ &=27. \end{aligned} The loss is 6427=3764-27=37 cents, regardless of order.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

37.

直线上的点 P1P_1P2P_2\ldotsP7P_7 按此顺序排列,但间距不一定相等。在该直线上任取一点 PP,令 ss 为以下无向线段长度之和:

PP1, PP2, , PP7 PP_1,\ PP_2,\ \ldots,\ PP_7\text{。}

ss 取得最小值的充要条件是点 PP 位于:

Given points P1,P_1, P2,P_2, ,\ldots, P7P_7 on a straight line, in the order stated (not necessarily evenly spaced). Let PP be an arbitrarily selected point on the line and let ss be the sum of the undirected lengths

PP1, PP2, , PP7. PP_1,\ PP_2,\ \ldots,\ PP_7.

Then ss is smallest if and only if the point PP is:

P1P_1P7P_7 的中点

midway between P1P_1 and P7P_7

P2P_2P6P_6 的中点

midway between P2P_2 and P6P_6

P3P_3P5P_5 的中点

midway between P3P_3 and P5P_5

P4P_4

at P4P_4

P1P_1

at P1P_1

答案:D
难度评级:1640
小提示:

先把到 P1,P7P_1,P_7 的距离配对,再依次配对 P2,P6P_2,P_6P3,P5P_3,P_5

Pair the distances to P1,P7P_1,P_7, then P2,P6P_2,P_6, then P3,P5P_3,P_5

大提示:

每对距离之和在两点间的整段上都最小,剩余的中间点会确定唯一位置

Each paired sum is minimized throughout its intervening segment; the unpaired middle point selects one location

解答:

对任意一对 Pi,P8iP_i,P_{8-i},距离之和 PPi+PP8iPP_i+PP_{8-i}PP 位于它们之间时最小。这三个区间都包含 P4P_4。剩余的一项 PP4PP_4 仅在 P=P4P=P_4 时达到最小。

所以正确答案是 D

For any pair Pi,P8i,P_i,P_{8-i}, the sum PPi+PP8iPP_i+PP_{8-i} is minimized when PP lies between them. The three such intervals all contain P4.P_4. The remaining term PP4PP_4 is uniquely minimized at P=P4.P=P_4.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

38.

FF 位于平行四边形 ABCDABCD 的边 ADAD 的延长线上。BFBF 与对角线 ACAC 交于 EE,与边 DCDC 交于 GG。若 EF=32EF=32GF=24GF=24,则 BEBE 等于:

Point FF is taken on the extension of side ADAD of parallelogram ABCD.ABCD. BFBF intersects diagonal ACAC at EE and side DCDC at G.G. If EF=32EF=32 and GF=24,GF=24, then BEBE equals:

44

88

1010

1212

1616

答案:E
难度评级:2150
小提示:

用各点从 FFBB 所走距离的比例来参数化 FBFB 上的点

Parameterize points on FBFB by their fraction of the distance from FF to BB

大提示:

F=tDF=tD,在以 AA 为原点的仿射坐标中,GGEE 的参数分别为 t1t\frac{t-1}{t}tt+1\frac{t}{t+1}

If F=tDF=tD in affine coordinates based at A,A, the parameters of GG and EE are t1t\frac{t-1}{t} and tt+1\frac{t}{t+1}

解答:

取仿射坐标 A=0A=0B=uB=uD=vD=vC=u+vC=u+v,以及 F=tvF=tvFBFB 上一点可写为 su+t(1s)vsu+t(1-s)v。与 DCDC 相交得到 sG=t1ts_G=\frac{t-1}{t},与 ACAC 相交得到 sE=tt+1s_E=\frac{t}{t+1}。因此 GFEF=sGsE=t21t2=2432=34 \begin{aligned} \frac{GF}{EF} &=\frac{s_G}{s_E} =\frac{t^2-1}{t^2}\\ &=\frac{24}{32}=\frac34 \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 t=2t=2,且 sE=23s_E=\frac{2}{3}。于是 EF=(23)FB=32EF=(\frac{2}{3})FB=32,从而 FB=48FB=48BE=16BE=16

所以正确答案是 E

Use affine coordinates A=0,A=0, B=u,B=u, D=v,D=v, C=u+v,C=u+v, and F=tv.F=tv. A point on FBFB is su+t(1s)v.su+t(1-s)v. Intersecting DCDC gives sG=t1t,s_G=\frac{t-1}{t}, while intersecting ACAC gives sE=tt+1.s_E=\frac{t}{t+1}. Therefore GFEF=sGsE=t21t2=2432=34, \begin{aligned} \frac{GF}{EF} &=\frac{s_G}{s_E} =\frac{t^2-1}{t^2}\\ &=\frac{24}{32}=\frac34, \end{aligned} so t=2t=2 and sE=23.s_E=\frac{2}{3}. Thus EF=(23)FB=32,EF=(\frac{2}{3})FB=32, making FB=48FB=48 and BE=16.BE=16.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

39.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,作线段 CECEADAD,使 CDDB=31\dfrac{CD}{DB}=\dfrac31AEEB=32\dfrac{AE}{EB}=\dfrac32

r=CPPEr=\dfrac{CP}{PE},其中 PPCECEADAD 的交点。则 rr 等于:

In triangle ABCABC lines CECE and ADAD are drawn so that CDDB=31\dfrac{CD}{DB}=\dfrac31 and AEEB=32.\dfrac{AE}{EB}=\dfrac32.

Let r=CPPE,r=\dfrac{CP}{PE}, where PP is the intersection point of CECE and AD.AD. Then rr equals:

33

32\dfrac32

44

55

52\dfrac52

答案:D
难度评级:2030
小提示:

按所给边长比的倒数为端点分配质量

Assign endpoint masses inversely proportional to the given side ratios

大提示:

取质量 mA=2m_A=2mB=3m_B=3mC=1m_C=1,再求 EE 点的质量

Choose masses mA=2,m_A=2, mB=3,m_B=3, and mC=1m_C=1, then find the mass at EE

解答:

AE:EB=3:2AE:EB=3:2 对应质量 mA=2m_A=2mB=3m_B=3。比 CD:DB=3:1CD:DB=3:1 随即给出 mC=1m_C=1。点 EE 的质量为 mA+mB=5m_A+m_B=5,所以在塞瓦线 CECE 上,CPPE=mEmC=51=5\frac{CP}{PE}=\frac{m_E}{m_C}=\frac51=5\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

The ratio AE:EB=3:2AE:EB=3:2 is represented by masses mA=2m_A=2 and mB=3.m_B=3. The ratio CD:DB=3:1CD:DB=3:1 then gives mC=1.m_C=1. Point EE has mass mA+mB=5,m_A+m_B=5, so along cevian CE,CE, CPPE=mEmC=51=5.\frac{CP}{PE}=\frac{m_E}{m_C}=\frac51=5.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

40.

若数 xx 满足方程 x+93x93=3\sqrt[3]{x+9}-\sqrt[3]{x-9}=3,则 x2x^2 介于:

If xx is a number satisfying the equation x+93x93=3,\sqrt[3]{x+9}-\sqrt[3]{x-9}=3, then x2x^2 is between:

55556565 之间

5555 and 6565

65657575 之间

6565 and 7575

75758585 之间

7575 and 8585

85859595 之间

8585 and 9595

9595105105 之间

9595 and 105105

答案:C
难度评级:2290
小提示:

u=x+93u=\sqrt[3]{x+9}v=x93v=\sqrt[3]{x-9}

Set u=x+93u=\sqrt[3]{x+9} and v=x93v=\sqrt[3]{x-9}

大提示:

同时利用 uv=3u-v=3u3v3=18u^3-v^3=18uvuv

Use both uv=3u-v=3 and u3v3=18u^3-v^3=18 to find uvuv

解答:

u=x+93u=\sqrt[3]{x+9}v=x93v=\sqrt[3]{x-9}。则 uv=3u-v=3,并且 18=u3v3=(uv)(u2+uv+v2) \begin{aligned} 18&=u^3-v^3\\ &=(u-v)(u^2+uv+v^2) \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 u2+uv+v2=6u^2+uv+v^2=6。与 (uv)2=9(u-v)^2=9 比较,得 uv=1uv=-1。因此 (u+v)2=5(u+v)^2=5。对 2u=3±52u=3\pm\sqrt5 两边取立方,得到 x=±45x=\pm4\sqrt5;无论哪种情形,x2=80x^2=80,介于 75758585 之间。

所以正确答案是 C

Let u=x+93u=\sqrt[3]{x+9} and v=x93.v=\sqrt[3]{x-9}. Then uv=3u-v=3 and 18=u3v3=(uv)(u2+uv+v2), \begin{aligned} 18&=u^3-v^3\\ &=(u-v)(u^2+uv+v^2), \end{aligned} so u2+uv+v2=6.u^2+uv+v^2=6. Comparing with (uv)2=9(u-v)^2=9 gives uv=1.uv=-1. Hence (u+v)2=5.(u+v)^2=5. Cubing 2u=3±52u=3\pm\sqrt5 gives x=±45,x=\pm4\sqrt5, and either way x2=80,x^2=80, between 7575 and 85.85.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.