1963 AMC 12 真题
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1.
以下哪一点不在函数 的图像上?
Which one of the following points is not on the graph of
小提示:
代入坐标前先检查定义域
Check the domain before substituting coordinates
大提示:
所列的某个 坐标会使分母为零
The denominator vanishes at one of the listed -coordinates
解答:
表达式 在 时没有定义。因此,横坐标为 的点不可能在其图像上。
所以正确答案是 D。
The expression is undefined when Therefore no point whose first coordinate is can lie on its graph.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
2.
3.
若 的倒数是 ,则 等于:
If the reciprocal of is then equals:
以上都不是
none of these
4.
当 取何值时,方程 与 有两个相同的解?
For what value(s) of does the pair of equations and have two identical solutions?
小提示:
令两个关于 的表达式相等
Set the two expressions for equal
大提示:
交点重合意味着所得二次方程的判别式为零
A repeated intersection makes the resulting quadratic’s discriminant zero
解答:
交点满足 。要有两个相同的解,必须满足 从而 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Intersections satisfy Two identical solutions require giving
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
5.
6.
三角形 在 点为直角。线段 上有一点 ,满足 且 。角 的度数是:
Triangle is right-angled at On there is a point for which and The magnitude of angle in degrees, is:
小提示:
直角三角形斜边的中点到三个顶点的距离相等
A midpoint of a right triangle’s hypotenuse is equidistant from all three vertices
大提示:
利用
Use
解答:
因为 是斜边 的中点,所以 。又因为 ,三角形 是等边三角形。因此 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Since is the midpoint of hypotenuse Given triangle is equilateral. Thus
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
7.
给出以下四个方程:
其中表示两条垂直直线的一组是:
Given the four equations:
The pair representing perpendicular lines is:
和
and
和
and
和
and
和
and
和
and
小提示:
把每个方程改写成斜截式
Rewrite each equation in slope-intercept form
大提示:
两条非竖直直线垂直时,斜率之积为
Perpendicular nonvertical lines have slopes whose product is
解答:
直线 的斜率是 ,直线 的斜率是 。它们的积为 ,所以这两条直线互相垂直。
所以正确答案是 A。
Line has slope and line has slope Their product is so these two lines are perpendicular.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
8.
最小正整数 是多少,能使 成立?其中 是整数。
The smallest positive integer for which where is an integer, is:
9.
在 的展开式中, 的系数是:
In the expansion of the coefficient of is:
小提示:
选取第二项 次所得项的指数为
The term choosing the second summand times has exponent
大提示:
先令该指数等于 ,再求二项式系数及其符号
Set that exponent equal to before finding the binomial coefficient and sign
解答:
恰好选取 共 次所得项的指数为 。令它等于 ,得到 。该项的系数是 。
所以正确答案是 C。
The term using exactly times has exponent Setting this to gives Its coefficient is
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
10.
在正方形内部取一点 ,该正方形的边长为 ,所取点到两个相邻顶点的距离以及到这两个顶点对边的距离都相等。若 表示这个公共距离,则 等于:
Point is taken interior to a square with side-length and such that it is equally distant from two consecutive vertices and from the side opposite these vertices. If represents the common distance, then equals:
小提示:
到两个相邻顶点距离相等,所以 在它们连线的垂直平分线上
The equal distances to two consecutive vertices put on their perpendicular bisector
大提示:
若到对边的距离为 ,利用两条直角边分别为 和 的直角三角形
If the distance to the opposite side is use a right triangle with legs and
解答:
令对边的高度为 ,两个顶点的高度为 。则 。顶点距离与 相等,故 所以 ,从而 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Place the opposite side at height and the two vertices at height Then Equality of the vertex distance and gives so and
Thus, the correct answer is B.
11.
一组 个数的算术平均数是 。若从中去掉 和 这两个数,剩余各数的算术平均数是:
The arithmetic mean of a set of numbers is If two numbers of the set, namely and are discarded, the arithmetic mean of the remaining set of numbers is:
12.
平行四边形 的三个顶点是 、、,其中 与 是对角顶点。顶点 的两个坐标之和是:
Three vertices of parallelogram are with and diagonally opposite. The sum of the coordinates of vertex is:
13.
若 ,则整数 、、、 中最多有几个可以是负数?
If the number of integers which can possibly be negative is, at most:
小提示:
约分后,左边的分母只能含因数 ,右边的分母只能含因数
A reduced denominator on the left can contain only while one on the right can contain only
大提示:
先推出两边都是整数,再考察两个负指数幂之和何时可能是整数
Conclude both sides must be integers, then examine when a sum of two negative powers can be integral
解答:
化为最简分数后,左边的分母只能是 的幂,右边的分母只能是 的幂。两边相等就迫使两边都是整数。若 或 为负数, 的分母中仍会含因数 。因此 。
同理, 或 为负数时,和为整数的唯一特殊情形是 ,此时和为 。但 。所以也有 ,没有一个可以是负数。
所以正确答案是 E。
In lowest terms, the left side can have only a power of in its denominator, while the right side can have only a power of Equality therefore forces both sides to be integers. If either or were negative, would retain a factor in its denominator. Thus
Likewise, negative or can give an integer only in the exceptional case whose sum is But Hence as well, so none can be negative.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
14.
给定方程 和 。如果适当排列两方程的根后,第二个方程的每个根都比第一个方程的对应根大 ,那么 等于:
Given the equations and If, when the roots of the equations are suitably listed, each root of the second equation is more than the corresponding root of the first equation, then equals:
以上都不是
none of these
小提示:
比较两组根的和
Compare the sums of the two pairs of roots
大提示:
每个根都增加 ,会使根的和增加
Adding to each root increases their sum by
解答:
第一个方程的两根之和为 ,第二个方程的两根之和为 。因为两个根都增加了 ,所以 ,从而 。
所以正确答案是 A。
The first pair of roots has sum while the second has sum Since both roots increase by so
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
15.
一个圆内切于等边三角形,一个正方形内接于该圆。三角形面积与正方形面积之比是:
A circle is inscribed in an equilateral triangle, and a square is inscribed in the circle. The ratio of the area of the triangle to the area of the square is:
答案:C
小提示:
用圆的半径 表示两个面积
Express both areas using the circle’s radius
大提示:
三角形的边长是 ,正方形的对角线长是
The triangle’s side is and the square’s diagonal is
解答:
若圆的半径为 ,则等边三角形的边长为 ,面积为 。正方形的边长为 ,面积为 。所求比为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
If the circle has radius the equilateral triangle has side and area The square has side and area The ratio is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
16.
三个非零数 、、 成等差数列。把 增加 或把 增加 ,所得三个数都成等比数列。则 等于:
Three numbers none zero, form an arithmetic progression. Increasing by or increasing by results in a geometric progression. Then equals:
17.
表达式
其中 为实数且 ,对于下列哪些取值,表达式的值为 ?
The expression
real, has the value for:
除两个实数值外的所有
all but two real values of
仅两个实数值的
only two real values of
所有实数值的
all real values of
仅一个实数值的
only one real value of
没有实数值的
no real values of
小提示:
分别通分化简分子和分母
Combine the two fractions in the numerator and denominator separately
大提示:
注意被排除的值
Keep track of the excluded values
解答:
当 时,分子化简为 ,分母恰为它的相反数。因此商为 。当 或 时,原式没有定义。
所以正确答案是 A。
For the numerator simplifies to and the denominator to its negative. Their quotient is therefore The two values and are undefined.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
18.
弦 是弦 的垂直平分线,并与其交于 。在 与 之间取一点 ,延长 与圆交于 。对于任意如此选取的 ,三角形 与下列哪个三角形相似?
Chord is the perpendicular bisector of chord intersecting it in Between and point is taken, and extended meets the circle in Then, for any selection of as described, triangle is similar to triangle:
小提示:
弦的垂直平分线经过圆心,因此 是直径
Because the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the center, is a diameter
大提示:
比较直角以及两三角形在 点的公共角
Compare the right angles and the shared angle at
解答:
因为 是直径,所以 。又因为 ,所以 。由于 共线,两个三角形在 点有同一个锐角。因此 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Since is a diameter, Also so Because are collinear, the two triangles share the same acute angle at Hence
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
19.
清点 个彩球,其中一些是红球,另一些是黑球。最先清点的 个球中有 个红球;此后每清点 个球,就有 个红球。如果清点的所有球中至少有 是红球,那么 的最大值是:
In counting colored balls, some red and some black, it was found that of the first counted were red. Thereafter, out of every counted were red. If, in all, or more of the balls counted were red, the maximum value of is:
20.
点与 点相距 英里。两人分别从这两点同时出发,相向而行。从 点出发的人始终以每小时 英里的速度行走;从 点出发的人第一小时以每小时 英里的速度行走,第二小时以每小时 英里的速度行走,之后各小时的速度依次成等差数列。若两人在整数小时后相遇,且相遇点到 点比到 点近 英里,则 是:
Two men at points and miles apart, set out at the same time to walk towards each other. The man at walks uniformly at miles per hour; the man at walks at miles per hour for the first hour, at miles per hour for the second hour, and so on, in arithmetic progression. If the men meet miles nearer than in an integral number of hours, then is:
小提示:
设相遇时间为整数 小时,并求第二个人每小时路程的等差数列之和
Let the integral meeting time be hours and sum the second man’s hourly distances
大提示:
两人路程之和的方程化简为
Their combined distance equation simplifies to
解答:
在 小时内,第一个人走了 英里。第二个人走过的路程是等差数列之和 两人的路程之和为 ,得到 ,其正根为 。他们分别走了 英里和 英里,因此相遇点到 点比到 点近 英里。
所以正确答案是 D。
In hours the first man walks The second walks an arithmetic-series total Their distances sum to giving whose positive root is They walk and miles, so the meeting point is miles nearer than
Thus, the correct answer is D.
21.
表达式 具有:
The expression has:
没有系数和指数均为整数的一次因式
no linear factor with integer coefficients and integer exponents
因式
the factor
因式
the factor
因式
the factor
因式
the factor
22.
锐角三角形 内接于以 为圆心的圆,且 、。取一点 于劣弧 上,使 垂直于 。角 与角 的度数之比是:
Acute-angled triangle is inscribed in a circle with center at and A point is taken in minor arc such that is perpendicular to Then the ratio of the magnitudes of angles and is:
小提示:
先求劣弧 的度数,再利用 确定 是该弧的中点
Find minor arc then use to locate at its midpoint
大提示:
计算圆心角 和圆周角
Compute the central angle and the inscribed angle
解答:
劣弧 的度数为 。因为 ,所以 平分该弧,故 。等腰三角形 给出 ,而 。二者之比为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Minor arc has measure Since bisects that arc, so Isosceles triangle gives while Their ratio is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
23.
先给 与 原有钱数相同的美分,再给 与 原有钱数相同的美分。接着, 同样分别给 和 与他们当时各自钱数相同的美分。最后, 也同样分别给 和 与他们当时各自钱数相同的美分。如果最终每人都有 美分,那么 最初有多少美分?
gives as many cents as has and as many cents as has. Similarly, then gives and as many cents as each then has. , similarly, then gives and as many cents as each then has. If each finally has cents, with how many cents does start?
小提示:
从最终每人的钱数倒推
Work backward from the final holdings
大提示:
某人给钱之前,每位收款人的钱数应为收款后的一半
Immediately before someone gives, each recipient must have half of the amount held just after that gift
解答:
逆向还原这些交易。 给钱之前,三人的钱数为 。 给钱之前,钱数为 。 给钱之前, 和 必须分别有 和 美分,而 有 美分。
所以正确答案是 B。
Reverse the transactions. Before gives, the holdings are Before gives, they are Before gives, and must have had and while had
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
24.
考虑形如 的方程。若系数 和 都从整数集合 中选取,其中有多少个方程具有实根?
Consider equations of the form How many such equations have real roots and have coefficients and selected from the set of integers
小提示:
有实根要求
Real roots require
大提示:
对每个 ,数出可取的 值
For each count the allowed values of
解答:
当 依次等于 、、、、 和 时,条件 相应地允许 、、、、 和 个给定集合中的 值。它们的总和为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
For equal to and the condition permits respectively and values of in the given set. Their sum is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
25.
在正方形 的边 上取一点 。过 作 的垂线,与 的延长线交于 。 的面积为 平方英寸,三角形 的面积为 平方英寸。则 的长度为多少英寸?
Point is taken in side of square At a perpendicular is drawn to meeting extended at The area of is square inches and the area of triangle is square inches. Then the number of inches in is:
小提示:
证明直角三角形 与 全等
Show that right triangles and are congruent
大提示:
于是 ,再利用直角三角形 的面积
Then so use the area of right triangle
解答:
互余的锐角和正方形的等边给出 ,从而 。由于 ,所以 。正方形边长为 ,在直角三角形 中,。
所以正确答案是 A。
The complementary acute angles and the equal square sides give hence Since so The square side is and right triangle gives
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
26.
形式 I。考虑以下命题:
其中 、、 是命题。以上有多少个能推出 为真?
形式 II。考虑以下命题: 和 为真且 为假; 为真且 和 为假; 为真且 和 为假; 和 为真且 为假。以上有多少个能推出命题“ 可由‘ 蕴含 ’推出”为真?
Form I. Consider the statements
where are propositions. How many of these imply the truth of
Form II. Consider the statements and are true and is false, is true and and are false, is true and and are false, and are true and is false. How many of these imply the truth of the statement “ is implied by the statement that implies ”?
答案:E
小提示:
只有当前件为真而后件为假时,蕴含命题才为假
An implication is false only when its antecedent is true and its consequent is false
大提示:
在四种真值指派中先分别计算
Evaluate first in each of the four assignments
解答:
在情形 和 中, 为假,所以外层蕴含为真。在情形 和 中, 为真,而 也为真,所以外层蕴含仍为真。因此四个命题都能推出它。
所以正确答案是 E。
In cases and is false, so the outer implication is true. In cases and is true, but is also true, so the outer implication is again true. All four statements imply it.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
27.
在平面上画六条直线,其中任意两条都不平行,任意三条都不共点。它们把平面分成的区域数是:
Six straight lines are drawn in a plane with no two parallel and no three concurrent. The number of regions into which they divide the plane is:
28.
已知方程 有实根。使该方程两根之积最大的 值是:
Given the equation with real roots. The value of for which the product of the roots of the equation is a maximum is:
小提示:
两根之积为
The product of the roots is
大提示:
利用判别式条件求出 的最大允许值
Use the discriminant condition to find the largest allowed
解答:
有实根要求 ,所以 。两根之积为 ,它随 增大。因此在 时达到最大。
所以正确答案是 D。
Real roots require so The root product is which increases with It is therefore largest at
Thus, the correct answer is D.
29.
一个竖直向上发射的质点在 秒末到达 英尺的高度,其中 。它能达到的最大高度是:
A particle projected vertically upward reaches, at the end of seconds, an elevation of feet where The highest elevation is:
30.
设
求新函数 :把 在 中的每一次出现都替换为
并化简。化简后的 等于:
Let
Form a new function by replacing each in by
and simplify. The simplified expression is equal to:
31.
方程 的正整数解共有:
The number of solutions in positive integers of is:
32.
矩形 的边长为 和 ,其中 。现要得到一个边长为 和 的矩形,其中 、,使它的周长是 的三分之一,面积也是 的三分之一。这样的不同矩形共有:
The dimensions of a rectangle are and It is required to obtain a rectangle with dimensions and so that its perimeter is one-third that of and its area is one-third that of The number of such (different) rectangles is:
无穷多个
infinitely many
小提示:
把条件写成 和
Translate the conditions into and
大提示:
用和式除以积式,再利用 、 和 比较倒数
Divide the sum equation by the product equation and compare reciprocals using and
解答:
这些条件给出 和 。相除得到 但是 且 使左边大于 ,而 使右边小于 。这不可能成立。
所以正确答案是 A。
The conditions give and Dividing yields But and make the left side greater than while makes the right side less than This is impossible.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
33.
已知直线 ,另有直线 与它平行且相距 个单位。下列哪一个可能是 的方程?
Given the line and a line parallel to the given line and units from it. A possible equation for is:
小提示:
把平行直线写成 的形式
Write parallel lines as
大提示:
两直线间的距离等于常数项之差的绝对值除以
The distance equals the absolute difference of constants divided by
解答:
已知直线可写成 。平行直线 可写成 ,所以两直线间的距离为 。令它等于 ,得到 ,从而 或 。选项 A 是可能的。
所以正确答案是 A。
The given line is A parallel line is so the distance is Setting this equal to gives hence or Choice A is possible.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
34.
在三角形 中,边 ,边 ,且边 。设 是满足“边 所对角的度数必大于 ”的最大数,则 等于:
In triangle side side and side Let be the largest number such that the magnitude, in degrees, of the angle opposite side exceeds Then equals:
小提示:
对边 所对的角 使用余弦定理
Use the law of cosines for the angle opposite
大提示:
把 与极限情形 比较
Compare with the limiting case
解答:
余弦定理给出 因为 ,所以 ,从而 。角度可以趋近 ,只要 从右侧趋近 ,所以能保证的最大下界是 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The law of cosines gives Since so Values can approach as approaches from above, so the largest guaranteed bound is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
35.
一个三角形的三边长都是整数,面积也是整数。其中一边长为 ,周长为 。最短边的长度是:
The lengths of the sides of a triangle are integers, and its area is also an integer. One side is and the perimeter is The shortest side is:
小提示:
把另外两边写成 和 ,半周长为
Write the other sides as and , with semiperimeter
大提示:
海伦公式给出面积平方为
Heron’s formula makes the squared area
解答:
设另外两边为 和 ,并令 。半周长是 ,所以海伦公式给出 三角形不等式给出 。逐一检查这些整数,当 时该表达式都不是完全平方数;当 时,它等于 。因此最短边长为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let the other sides be and with The semiperimeter is so Heron’s formula gives The triangle inequalities give Checking these integers, the expression is not a square for while at it is Thus the shortest side is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
36.
某人起初有 美分,共下注 次,赢三次、输三次,输赢的次序随机,每次获胜和失败的概率相同。每次下注金额都是下注时剩余钱数的一半,则最终结果是:
A person starting with cents and making bets, wins three times and loses three times, the wins and losses occurring in random order. The chance for a win is equal to the chance for a loss. If each wager is for half the money remaining at the time of the bet, then the final result is:
损失 美分
a loss of ¢
获利 美分
a gain of ¢
损失 美分
a loss of ¢
既没有获利也没有损失
neither a gain nor a loss
获利或损失取决于输赢的次序
a gain or a loss depending upon the order in which the wins and losses occur
小提示:
赢一次会把现有钱数乘以 ,输一次会把它乘以
A win multiplies the current amount by , while a loss multiplies it by
大提示:
乘法交换律说明次序无关紧要
Multiplication makes the order irrelevant
解答:
三胜三负之后,剩余钱数(单位:美分)为 因此无论次序如何,损失都是 美分。
所以正确答案是 C。
After three wins and three losses, the amount, in cents, is The loss is cents, regardless of order.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
37.
直线上的点 、、、 按此顺序排列,但间距不一定相等。在该直线上任取一点 ,令 为以下无向线段长度之和:
则 取得最小值的充要条件是点 位于:
Given points on a straight line, in the order stated (not necessarily evenly spaced). Let be an arbitrarily selected point on the line and let be the sum of the undirected lengths
Then is smallest if and only if the point is:
与 的中点
midway between and
与 的中点
midway between and
与 的中点
midway between and
处
at
处
at
小提示:
先把到 的距离配对,再依次配对 和
Pair the distances to , then , then
大提示:
每对距离之和在两点间的整段上都最小,剩余的中间点会确定唯一位置
Each paired sum is minimized throughout its intervening segment; the unpaired middle point selects one location
解答:
对任意一对 ,距离之和 在 位于它们之间时最小。这三个区间都包含 。剩余的一项 仅在 时达到最小。
所以正确答案是 D。
For any pair the sum is minimized when lies between them. The three such intervals all contain The remaining term is uniquely minimized at
Thus, the correct answer is D.
38.
点 位于平行四边形 的边 的延长线上。 与对角线 交于 ,与边 交于 。若 且 ,则 等于:
Point is taken on the extension of side of parallelogram intersects diagonal at and side at If and then equals:
小提示:
用各点从 到 所走距离的比例来参数化 上的点
Parameterize points on by their fraction of the distance from to
大提示:
若 ,在以 为原点的仿射坐标中, 和 的参数分别为 和
If in affine coordinates based at the parameters of and are and
解答:
取仿射坐标 、、、,以及 。 上一点可写为 。与 相交得到 ,与 相交得到 。因此 所以 ,且 。于是 ,从而 ,。
所以正确答案是 E。
Use affine coordinates and A point on is Intersecting gives while intersecting gives Therefore so and Thus making and
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
39.
在三角形 中,作线段 和 ,使 且 。
设 ,其中 是 与 的交点。则 等于:
In triangle lines and are drawn so that and
Let where is the intersection point of and Then equals:
小提示:
按所给边长比的倒数为端点分配质量
Assign endpoint masses inversely proportional to the given side ratios
大提示:
取质量 、 和 ,再求 点的质量
Choose masses and , then find the mass at
解答:
比 对应质量 和 。比 随即给出 。点 的质量为 ,所以在塞瓦线 上,
所以正确答案是 D。
The ratio is represented by masses and The ratio then gives Point has mass so along cevian
Thus, the correct answer is D.
40.
若数 满足方程 ,则 介于:
If is a number satisfying the equation then is between:
与 之间
and
与 之间
and
与 之间
and
与 之间
and
与 之间
and