1963 AMC 12 第 35 题

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35.

一个三角形的三边长都是整数,面积也是整数。其中一边长为 2121,周长为 4848。最短边的长度是:

The lengths of the sides of a triangle are integers, and its area is also an integer. One side is 2121 and the perimeter is 48.48. The shortest side is:

88

1010

1212

1414

1616

答案:B
知识点:海伦公式分类讨论三角不等式
难度评级:2100
小提示:

把另外两边写成 xx27x27-x,半周长为 2424

Write the other sides as xx and 27x27-x, with semiperimeter 2424

大提示:

海伦公式给出面积平方为 72(24x)(x3)72(24-x)(x-3)

Heron’s formula makes the squared area 72(24x)(x3)72(24-x)(x-3)

解答:

设另外两边为 xx27x27-x,并令 x27xx\leq27-x。半周长是 2424,所以海伦公式给出 K2=243(24x)(x3)=72(24x)(x3) \begin{aligned} K^2 &=24\cdot3(24-x)(x-3)\\ &=72(24-x)(x-3) \end{aligned}\text{。}三角形不等式给出 4x134\leq x\leq13。逐一检查这些整数,当 x=4,,9x=4,\ldots,9 时该表达式都不是完全平方数;当 x=10x=10 时,它等于 72147=7056=84272\cdot14\cdot7=7056=84^2。因此最短边长为 1010

所以正确答案是 B

Let the other sides be xx and 27x,27-x, with x27x.x\leq27-x. The semiperimeter is 24,24, so Heron’s formula gives K2=243(24x)(x3)=72(24x)(x3). \begin{aligned} K^2 &=24\cdot3(24-x)(x-3)\\ &=72(24-x)(x-3). \end{aligned} The triangle inequalities give 4x13.4\leq x\leq13. Checking these integers, the expression is not a square for x=4,,9,x=4,\ldots,9, while at x=10x=10 it is 72147=7056=842.72\cdot14\cdot7=7056=84^2. Thus the shortest side is 10.10.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

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