1970 AMC 12 第 35 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

35.

一名退休员工领取的年度养老金与其服务年数的平方根成正比。若他多服务 aa 年,养老金将增加 pp 美元;若他多服务 bb 年(bab\ne a),养老金将比原年度养老金增加 qq 美元。用 aabbppqq 表示他的年度养老金。

A retiring employee receives an annual pension proportional to the square root of the number of years of his service. Had he served aa years more, his pension would have been pp dollars greater, whereas, had he served bb years more (bab\ne a), his pension would have been qq dollars greater than the original annual pension. Find his annual pension in terms of a,a, b,b, p,p, and q.q.

p2q22(ab)\dfrac{p^2-q^2}{2(a-b)}

(pq)22ab\dfrac{(p-q)^2}{2\sqrt{ab}}

ap2bq22(apbq)\dfrac{ap^2-bq^2}{2(ap-bq)}

aq2bp22(bpaq)\dfrac{aq^2-bp^2}{2(bp-aq)}

(ab)(pq)\sqrt{(a-b)(p-q)}

答案:D
知识点:比与比例根式方程组代数变形
难度评级:2440
小提示:

设当前养老金为 X=knX=k\sqrt n,并写出两种假设情况下的养老金

Let the current pension be X=knX=k\sqrt n and write the two hypothetical pensions

大提示:

X+p=kn+aX+p=k\sqrt{n+a}X+q=kn+bX+q=k\sqrt{n+b} 分别平方,再消去 nnk2k^2

Square X+p=kn+aX+p=k\sqrt{n+a} and X+q=kn+bX+q=k\sqrt{n+b}, then eliminate both nn and k2k^2

解答:

设当前养老金为 X=knX=k\sqrt n。因为 X+p=kn+aX+p=k\sqrt{n+a},且 X+q=kn+bX+q=k\sqrt{n+b},分别平方并利用 X2=k2nX^2=k^2n,得到下面前两个方程。再将它们分别乘以 bbaa,相减后得到第三个方程:2pX+p2=k2a,2qX+q2=k2b,2X(bpaq)=aq2bp2 \begin{gathered} 2pX+p^2=k^2a,\\ 2qX+q^2=k^2b,\\ 2X(bp-aq)=aq^2-bp^2 \end{gathered}\text{。}因此 X=aq2bp22(bpaq)X=\dfrac{aq^2-bp^2}{2(bp-aq)}

因此,正确答案是 D

Let the current pension be X=kn.X=k\sqrt n. Since X+p=kn+aX+p=k\sqrt{n+a} and X+q=kn+b,X+q=k\sqrt{n+b}, squaring and using X2=k2nX^2=k^2n gives the first line below. Multiplying its equations by bb and a,a, respectively, and subtracting gives the second: 2pX+p2=k2a,2qX+q2=k2b,2X(bpaq)=aq2bp2. \begin{gathered} 2pX+p^2=k^2a,\\ 2qX+q^2=k^2b,\\ 2X(bp-aq)=aq^2-bp^2. \end{gathered} Hence X=aq2bp22(bpaq).X=\dfrac{aq^2-bp^2}{2(bp-aq)}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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