1970 AMC 12 详解
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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
1.
的四次方是:
The fourth power of is:
2.
一个正方形和一个圆的周长相等。圆的面积与正方形面积之比是:
A square and a circle have equal perimeters. The ratio of the area of the circle to the area of the square is:
小提示:
设它们共同的周长为
Let the common perimeter be
大提示:
用 分别表示圆的半径和正方形的边长,再将两个面积相除
Express the circle radius and square side in terms of , then divide their areas
解答:
若共同的周长为 ,则圆的半径为 ,正方形的边长为 。因此
因此,正确答案是 A。
If the common perimeter is then the circle has radius and the square has side Therefore
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
3.
4.
设 为所有可表示成三个连续整数的平方和的数所组成的集合。则有:
Let be the set of all numbers which are the sum of the squares of three consecutive integers. Then we can say that:
中没有元素能被 整除
No member of is divisible by
中没有元素能被 整除,但有元素能被 整除
No member of is divisible by but some member is divisible by
中没有元素能被 或 整除
No member of is divisible by or by
中没有元素能被 或 整除
No member of is divisible by or by
以上都不对
None of these
小提示:
将三个整数写成
Write the integers as
大提示:
它们的平方和是 ;先对模 考察,再检验一个模 的余数
Their squared sum is examine it modulo and test a residue modulo
解答:
这个和为 它总是同余于 ,所以 中没有元素能被 整除。另一方面,取 时得到 ,它能被 整除。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The sum is It is always congruent to so no member of is divisible by On the other hand, taking gives which is divisible by
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
5.
6.
7.
在边长为 的正方形 内,分别以 和 为圆心、以 为半径画四分之一圆弧。两条圆弧在正方形内部交于点 。点 到边 的距离是多少?
Inside square with side quarter-circle arcs with radii and centers at and are drawn. These arcs intersect at a point inside the square. How far is from side
小提示:
两条连接到 的半径与边 构成一个等边三角形
The two radii to and side form an equilateral triangle
大提示:
从 到 的高为 ;用正方形的高减去它
The altitude from to is ; subtract it from the square’s height
解答:
因为 ,所以三角形 是等边三角形。因此 到 的垂直距离为 。平行边 与 之间的距离为 ,所以所求距离为
因此,正确答案是 E。
Since triangle is equilateral. Thus the perpendicular distance from to is The distance between the parallel sides and is so the requested distance is
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
8.
9.
点 和 在线段 上,且都位于 中点的同一侧。点 将 按 分割,点 将 按 分割。若 ,则线段 的长度是:
Points and are on line segment and both points are on the same side of the midpoint of Point divides in the ratio and divides in the ratio If then the length of segment is:
10.
设 是数字 和 循环出现的无限循环小数。将 写成最简分数后,分母比分子大:
Let be an infinite repeating decimal with the digits and repeating. When is written as a fraction in lowest terms, the denominator exceeds the numerator by:
11.
若 的两个因式为 和 ,则 的值为:
If two factors of are and the value of is:
12.
一个半径为 的圆与矩形 的边 、 和 相切,并经过对角线 的中点。用 表示矩形的面积为:
A circle with radius is tangent to sides and of rectangle and passes through the midpoint of diagonal The area of the rectangle, in terms of is:
小提示:
圆与两条对边相切,所以矩形的一条边长为
Tangency to the two opposite sides makes one side of the rectangle equal to
大提示:
从第三个切点经过圆心的直线平分对角线,使相应的弦成为直径
The line from the third tangency point through the center bisects the diagonal, making the corresponding chord a diameter
解答:
圆与平行边 和 相切。两边之间的距离就是圆的直径,所以 。设 为 上的切点, 为圆心, 为 的中点。
直线 平行于 ,并且位于 与 的正中间,所以 是 的中点,且该直线经过 。由于 在圆上,且 共线,所以 。因此 是三角形 的中位线,从而 。所以面积为
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the circle be tangent to the parallel sides and Their separation is its diameter, so Let be the tangency point on let be the center, and let be the midpoint of
The line is parallel to and halfway between and so is the midpoint of and the line contains Since lies on the circle and are collinear, Thus is a midsegment of triangle so Therefore the area is
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
13.
对所有正数 和 ,定义二元运算 为 。则对任意正数 、、、,恒有:
Given the binary operation defined by for all positive numbers and Then for all positive we have:
以上都不对
None of these
小提示:
先根据定义替换每个 ,再比较等式两边
Replace every using the definition before comparing the two sides
大提示:
对于选项 D,两边都化简成指数为 的幂
For choice D, both sides simplify to a power with exponent
解答:
对于选项 D, 因此这个恒等式总是成立。其他选项会断言诸如 或 之类并非恒成立的等式。
因此,正确答案是 D。
For choice D, Thus that identity always holds. The other choices would assert false general identities such as or
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
14.
考虑方程 ,其中 和 均为正数。若此方程的两根相差 ,则 等于:
Consider where and are positive numbers. If the roots of this equation differ by then equals:
15.
在 平面内,过点 与连接点 和 的线段的两个三等分点分别作直线。其中一条直线的方程是:
Lines in the -plane are drawn through the point and the trisection points of the line segment joining the points and One of these lines has the equation:
小提示:
沿位移向量分别移动三分之一和三分之二,求出两个三等分点
Find the two trisection points by moving one-third and two-thirds of the displacement vector
大提示:
三等分点为 和 ;求其中任一点与 所确定的直线
The trisection points are and ; find the line from either one to
解答:
从 到 的位移为 。因此两个三等分点为 和 。经过 和 的直线斜率为 ,所以 即 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The displacement from to is The trisection points are therefore and The line through and has slope so or
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
16.
若函数 满足 ,并且当 时, 则 等于:
If is a function such that and such that for then is equal to:
17.
若 ,则对所有满足 且 的 和 ,必有:
If then for all and such that and we have:
以上都不对
None of these
小提示:
因为 ,题设条件只能推出
Because the hypothesis gives only
大提示:
分别取正数和负数的 ,检验其余结论
Test the remaining claims with both positive and negative choices of
解答:
因为 ,题设条件等价于 。于是 ,所以 A 错误。取 可知 B 和 D 错误。取 时,,所以 C 错误。因此 A 至 D 中没有一个结论在所有情况下都成立。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Since the hypothesis is equivalent to Then so A is false. Taking makes B and D false. Taking makes C false because Thus none of A-D follows in every case.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
18.
19.
一个公比为 、满足 的无穷等比级数的和为 ,而该级数各项平方的和为 。该级数的首项是:
The sum of an infinite geometric series with common ratio such that is and the sum of the squares of the terms of this series is The first term of the series is:
小提示:
设首项为 ,根据两个无穷和分别列方程
If the first term is write one equation for each infinite sum
大提示:
利用 和 ,再约去因式
Use and , then cancel a factor of
解答:
设首项为 。则 因为 ,用第二个方程除以第一个方程,得到 。因此 解得 ,且 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the first term be Then Since dividing the second equation by the first gives Thus Solving gives and
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
20.
直线 和 位于同一平面内。 是线段 的中点,且 和 都垂直于 。则:
Lines and lie in a plane. is the midpoint of line segment and and are perpendicular to Then we:
总有
always have
总有
always have
有时 ,但并非总是如此
sometimes have but not always
总有
always have
总有
always have
小提示:
将 放在 轴上
Put on the -axis
大提示:
取 、、、;比较从它们中点出发的距离平方
Use and ; compare squared distances from their midpoint
解答:
选取坐标 则 从 到 与 的水平位移互为相反数,而竖直位移相等。因此 ,所以总有 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Choose coordinates Then The horizontal displacements from to and are opposites, while the vertical displacements are equal. Therefore so always.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
21.
一辆汽车去程时,仪表盘显示行驶了 英里。装上雪地轮胎后沿同一路线返程,仪表盘显示行驶了 英里。若原车轮半径为 英寸,求车轮半径增加了多少英寸,精确到百分位。
On an auto trip, the distance read from the instrument panel was miles. With snow tires on for the return trip over the same route, the reading was miles. Find, to the nearest hundredth of an inch, the increase in radius of the wheels if the original radius was inches.
小提示:
实际距离固定时,里程表读数与车轮半径成反比
For a fixed true distance, the odometer reading is inversely proportional to wheel radius
大提示:
若两个半径为 ,则利用
If the radii are use
解答:
实际距离固定时,里程表读数与车轮转数成正比。因此 由 可知,增加的半径为 精确到百分位是 英寸。
因此,正确答案是 B。
For a fixed true distance, the odometer reading is proportional to the number of wheel revolutions. Thus With the increase is To the nearest hundredth this is inch.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
22.
若前 个正整数之和比前 个正整数之和多 ,则前 个正整数之和为:
If the sum of the first positive integers is more than the sum of the first positive integers, then the sum of the first positive integers is:
23.
数 (这里的 用 进制表示)写成 进制时,末尾恰有 个零。 的值为:
The number ( is written in base ), when written in the base system, ends in exactly zeros. The value of is:
小提示:
一个 进制末尾零对应一个因子
A trailing base- zero contributes one factor of
大提示:
比较 中质因数 和 的指数
Compare the exponents of and in
解答:
中各质因数的指数为 每个因子 需要两个因数 和一个因数 。因此 进制表示的末尾零个数为
因此,正确答案是 D。
The prime exponents in are Each factor of uses two factors of and one of Hence the number of trailing base- zeros is
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
24.
一个等边三角形与一个正六边形的周长相等。若三角形的面积为 ,则六边形的面积为:
An equilateral triangle and a regular hexagon have equal perimeters. If the area of the triangle is then the area of the hexagon is:
小提示:
设六边形的边长为 ;由周长相等可知三角形的边长为
Let the hexagon side be ; equal perimeters make the triangle side
大提示:
三角形可分成四个边长为 的小等边三角形,而六边形可分成六个
The triangle splits into four small equilateral triangles of side , while the hexagon splits into six
解答:
设六边形的边长为 。它的周长为 ,所以等边三角形的边长为 。大三角形由 个边长为 的等边三角形组成,而六边形由 个这样的三角形组成。因此它们的面积之比为 。由于三角形的面积为 ,所以六边形的面积为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let the hexagon side be Its perimeter is so the equilateral triangle has side The large triangle consists of equilateral triangles of side while the hexagon consists of Their area ratio is therefore Since the triangle’s area is the hexagon’s area is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
25.
对每个实数 ,令 表示不大于 的最大整数。若一等邮件的邮资为每盎司或不足一盎司均收六美分,则一封重 盎司的信的一等邮资(单位为美分)总是:
For every real number let be the greatest integer which is less than or equal to If the postal rate for first class mail is six cents for every ounce or portion thereof, then the cost in cents of first-class postage on a letter weighing ounces is always:
小提示:
计费的盎司数是不小于 的最小整数
The number of charged ounces is the least integer at least
大提示:
利用恒等式
Use the identity
解答:
每盎司或不足一盎司均计费,意味着计费的盎司数为 。向下取整函数和向上取整函数满足 因此邮资为
因此,正确答案是 E。
Charging for every ounce or portion thereof means the number of charged ounces is The floor and ceiling functions satisfy Thus the cost is
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
26.
在 平面内,考虑图形 和图形 这两个图形有多少个不同的公共点?
The number of distinct points in the -plane common to the graphs of and is:
无穷多个
infinite
小提示:
每个乘积方程都表示两条直线的并集
Each product equation represents a union of two lines
大提示:
先检查每组两条直线的交点,再考虑四种配对
Check the intersection of the two lines in each pair before considering all four pairings
解答:
第一个图形是以下两条直线的并集:这两条直线交于 。第二个图形是以下两条直线的并集:它们也交于 。事实上,将 代入可知,它满足四条直线的方程。由于四条直线的斜率各不相同,不会有其他点同时属于两个图形。因此恰有一个公共点。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The first graph is the union of and those two lines meet at The second graph is the union of and these also meet at In fact, substituting satisfies all four line equations. Since the four lines have distinct slopes, no other point can belong to a line from each graph. There is exactly one common point.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
27.
一个三角形的面积在数值上等于其周长。内切圆的半径是多少?
In a triangle, the area is numerically equal to the perimeter. What is the radius of the inscribed circle?
小提示:
用内切圆半径和半周长表示面积
Express the area in terms of the inradius and semiperimeter
大提示:
利用 以及周长
Use and perimeter
解答:
若 为内切圆半径, 为半周长,则三角形的面积为 ,周长为 。由题设等式可得 因为 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
If is the inradius and the semiperimeter, the triangle’s area is Its perimeter is The given equality yields Since we obtain
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
28.
在三角形 中,从顶点 出发的中线垂直于从顶点 出发的中线。若边 和 的长度分别为 和 ,则边 的长度为:
In triangle the median from vertex is perpendicular to the median from vertex If the lengths of sides and are and respectively, then the length of side is:
小提示:
将重心置于原点,并设 的位置向量为互相垂直的向量
Place the centroid at the origin and let the position vectors of be perpendicular vectors
大提示:
则 ,所以 ,且
Then so and
解答:
将重心置于原点。设 和 的位置向量分别为 和 。两条中线分别沿 和 的方向,所以 。由重心条件还可得 。
设 ,且 。则 以及 将两个方程取适当倍数后相加,得到 。最后, 所以 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Place the centroid at the origin. Let the position vectors of and be and The two medians lie along and so Also the centroid condition gives
Let and Then and Adding appropriate multiples gives Finally, so
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
29.
现在是 至 之间。六分钟后,手表的分针将恰好指向三分钟前时针所指位置的正对面。现在的准确时间是多少?
It is now between and o’clock, and six minutes from now, the minute hand of a watch will be exactly opposite the place where the hour hand was three minutes ago. What is the exact time now?
小提示:
设现在是 之后 分钟
Let be the number of minutes after now
大提示:
以分钟刻度为单位,未来的分针位于 ,而过去时针位置的对面位于
In minute-space units, the future minute hand is at , while the point opposite the past hour hand is at
解答:
设现在是 之后 分钟。六分钟后,分针从 顺时针走过 个分钟刻度。三分钟前,时针越过 的位置 个分钟刻度,所以它的正对面位于 即从 起经过这么多个分钟刻度。因此 解得 ,所以时间是 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let be the number of minutes after now. Six minutes from now, the minute hand is minute spaces clockwise from Three minutes ago, the hour hand was minute spaces past the so the point opposite it was minute spaces past Hence Solving gives so the time is
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
30.
在所附图形中,线段 与 平行,角 的度数是角 的两倍,线段 和 的长度分别为 和 。则 的长度等于:
In the accompanying figure, segments and are parallel, the measure of angle is twice that of angle and the measures of segments and are and respectively. Then the measure of is equal to:
小提示:
平分角 ,并设角平分线与 交于
Bisect angle and let the bisector meet at
大提示:
追角可知 为等腰三角形,而 为平行四边形
Angle chasing makes isosceles, while is a parallelogram
解答:
设 的角平分线与 交于 。因为 ,所以每一半都等于 。又因为 ,内错角 也等于 。因此三角形 为等腰三角形,并且 此外,,且 ,所以 是平行四边形。因此 。所以
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let the bisector of meet at Because each half has measure Since the alternate interior angle also equals Thus triangle is isosceles and Also and so is a parallelogram. Hence Therefore
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
31.
从所有数位和等于 的五位数中随机选取一个数。这个数能被 整除的概率是多少?
If a number is selected at random from the set of all five-digit numbers in which the sum of the digits is equal to what is the probability that this number will be divisible by
小提示:
从 出发;数位和为 意味着总共减少
Start from ; a digit sum of means a total deficit of
大提示:
可能情况是出现一个 或两个 ;应用 的交错和整除判别法
The possibilities are one or two s; apply the divisibility-by- alternating-sum test
解答:
五位数最大的数位和为 ,所以数位和为 的数相对于 总共减少 。一种情况是一个数位为 ,其余数位为 ,共有 个数;另一种情况是两个数位为 ,其余数位为 ,共有 个数。因此总共有 个数。
利用 的整除判别法,恰有 能被 整除。因此概率为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The maximum five-digit digit sum is so a sum of has total deficit from Either one digit is and the others are , giving numbers, or two digits are and the others are , giving numbers. Thus there are numbers total.
Using the divisibility-by- test, exactly are divisible by The probability is therefore
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
32.
和 从圆形跑道上一对直径相对的点同时出发,以匀速沿相反方向绕跑道行进。他们在 行进 码后第一次相遇,并在 距离完成一圈还有 码时第二次相遇。则跑道的周长(单位为码)是:
and travel around a circular track at uniform speeds in opposite directions, starting from diametrically opposite points. If they start at the same time, meet first after has travelled yards, and meet a second time yards before completes one lap, then the circumference of the track in yards is:
小提示:
设跑道周长为 ,比较两次相遇时两人的路程之比
Let the circumference be and compare the two runners’ traveled-distance ratios at each meeting
大提示:
第一次相遇时两人的路程为 和 ;第二次相遇时为 和
At the first meeting their distances are and ; at the second they are and
解答:
设跑道周长为 。第一次相遇时, 已行进 码, 已行进 ,所以他们的速度之比为 第二次相遇时, 距离完成一圈还差 码,所以它已行进 。此时两人的路程之和为 ,所以 已行进 。因此 交叉相乘可得 ,所以跑道周长为 码。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the circumference be At the first meeting, has traveled yards and has traveled so their speed ratio is At the second meeting, is yards short of one lap, so it has traveled By then their combined distance is so has traveled Hence Cross-multiplying gives so the circumference is yards.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
33.
求数列 、、、、、 中所有数的各个数位之和。
Find the sum of the digits of all the numerals in the sequence
小提示:
先求从 到 的所有数位之和
First sum the digits from through
大提示:
在四个数位中的每一个位置,每个数字都恰好出现 次
In each of the four positions, every digit appears exactly times
解答:
将从 到 的整数写成带前导零的四位数。在四个数位中的每一个位置,数字 、、、 都出现 次。因此所有数位的总和为 用 取代 会增加 ,所以所求的和为 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Write the integers from through using four digits with leading zeros. In each of the four positions, every digit appears times. Thus their total digit sum is Replacing by adds so the requested sum is
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
34.
除 、 和 后所得余数相同的最大整数是:
The greatest integer that will divide and and leave the same remainder is:
大于 的 的奇数倍
an odd multiple of greater than
大于 的 的偶数倍
an even multiple of greater than
小提示:
余数相同意味着除数能整除每两个数之差
A common remainder means the divisor divides every pairwise difference
大提示:
求 与 的最大公因数
Find the GCD of and
解答:
一个除数除这三个数所得余数相同,当且仅当它能整除这些数之间的差。相邻两个差为 因此最大的可能除数为
因此,正确答案是 C。
A divisor leaves the same remainder on all three numbers exactly when it divides their differences. The two successive differences are Therefore the greatest possible divisor is
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
35.
一名退休员工领取的年度养老金与其服务年数的平方根成正比。若他多服务 年,养老金将增加 美元;若他多服务 年(),养老金将比原年度养老金增加 美元。用 、、、 表示他的年度养老金。
A retiring employee receives an annual pension proportional to the square root of the number of years of his service. Had he served years more, his pension would have been dollars greater, whereas, had he served years more (), his pension would have been dollars greater than the original annual pension. Find his annual pension in terms of and
小提示:
设当前养老金为 ,并写出两种假设情况下的养老金
Let the current pension be and write the two hypothetical pensions
大提示:
将 和 分别平方,再消去 和
Square and , then eliminate both and
解答:
设当前养老金为 。因为 ,且 ,分别平方并利用 ,得到下面前两个方程。再将它们分别乘以 和 ,相减后得到第三个方程:因此 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let the current pension be Since and squaring and using gives the first line below. Multiplying its equations by and respectively, and subtracting gives the second: Hence
Therefore, the correct answer is D.