1972 AMC 12 第 35 题

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35.

ABAB 长为 22 英寸的等边三角形 ABPABP 放在边长为 44 英寸的正方形 AXYZAXYZ 内,使 BB 位于边 AXAX 上。三角形先绕 BB 顺时针旋转,再绕 PP 旋转,如此沿正方形各边滚动,直到 PPAABB 都回到各自的初始位置。顶点 PP 所走路径的长度(英寸)为:

Equilateral triangle ABPABP with side ABAB of length 22 inches is placed inside square AXYZAXYZ with side of length 44 inches so that BB is on side AX.AX. The triangle is rotated clockwise about B,B, then P,P, and so on along the sides of the square until P,P, A,A, and BB all return to their original positions. The length of the path in inches traversed by vertex PP is equal to:

20π3\dfrac{20\pi}{3}

32π3\dfrac{32\pi}{3}

12π12\pi

40π3\dfrac{40\pi}{3}

15π15\pi

答案:D
知识点:等边三角形变换过程模拟
难度评级:2450
小提示:

追踪绕正方形完成一圈八次转轴后的三角形方向

Track the orientation after one eight-pivot circuit of the square

大提示:

共需三圈;按 PP 保持不动、沿 120120^\circ 圆弧移动或沿 3030^\circ 圆弧移动来分类各次转轴

Three circuits are needed; classify the pivots according to whether PP is fixed or moves through a 120120^\circ or 3030^\circ arc

解答:

沿正方形完成一圈需要 88 次转轴,并使三角形的方向改变一整圈的 23\frac{2}{3}。因此,整个三角形恢复初始位置需要 33 圈,即 2424 次转轴。其中有 88 次绕 PP 旋转,所以 PP 不动。其余 1616 次中,八段圆弧所对圆心角为 120120^\circ,另八段为 3030^\circ,半径均为 22。因此路径总长为 8(134π)+8(1124π)=32π3+8π3=40π3 \begin{aligned} &8\left(\frac13\cdot4\pi\right) +8\left(\frac1{12}\cdot4\pi\right)\\ &\qquad=\frac{32\pi}{3}+\frac{8\pi}{3}\\ &\qquad=\frac{40\pi}{3} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

One circuit of the square uses 88 pivots and changes the triangle’s orientation by 23\frac{2}{3} of a full turn. Therefore 33 circuits, or 2424 pivots, are required to restore the entire triangle. In 88 of those pivots the rotation is about P,P, so PP does not move. In the other 16,16, eight arcs subtend 120120^\circ and eight subtend 30,30^\circ, all with radius 2.2. Hence the total path length is 8(134π)+8(1124π)=32π3+8π3=40π3. \begin{aligned} &8\left(\frac13\cdot4\pi\right) +8\left(\frac1{12}\cdot4\pi\right)\\ &\qquad=\frac{32\pi}{3}+\frac{8\pi}{3}\\ &\qquad=\frac{40\pi}{3}. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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