1968 AMC 12 第 35 题

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35.

在图中,圆心为 OO,半径为 aa 英寸,弦 EFEF 平行于弦 CDCDOOGGHHJJ 共线,且 GGCDCD 的中点。设 KK(平方英寸)表示梯形 CDFECDFE 的面积,RR(平方英寸)表示矩形 ELMFELMF 的面积。将 CDCDEFEF 向上平移,使 OGOG 增大并趋近于 aa,同时始终保持 JHJH 等于 HGHG,则比值 K:RK:R 可以任意接近:

In this diagram the center of the circle is O,O, the radius is aa inches, chord EFEF is parallel to chord CD,CD, O,O, G,G, H,H, JJ are collinear, and GG is the midpoint of CD.CD. Let KK (square inches) represent the area of trapezoid CDFECDFE and let RR (square inches) represent the area of rectangle ELMF.ELMF. Then, as CDCD and EFEF are translated upward so that OGOG increases toward the value a,a, while JHJH always equals HG,HG, the ratio K:RK:R becomes arbitrarily close to:

00

11

2\sqrt2

12+12\dfrac1{\sqrt2}+\dfrac12

12+1\dfrac1{\sqrt2}+1

答案:D
知识点:梯形微积分
难度评级:2650
小提示:

JH=HG=xJH=HG=x,则 OG=a2xOG=a-2x,且 OH=axOH=a-x

Let JH=HG=x,JH=HG=x, so OG=a2xOG=a-2x and OH=axOH=a-x

大提示:

用勾股定理表示两条半弦,再令 xx 趋近于 00

Express the two half-chords with the Pythagorean theorem, then let xx approach 00

解答:

JH=HG=xJH=HG=x。则 OG=a2xOG=a-2x,且 OH=axOH=a-x。两条半弦为 GD=2x(ax),HF=x(2ax) \begin{aligned} GD&=2\sqrt{x(a-x)},\\ HF&=\sqrt{x(2a-x)}\text{。} \end{aligned} 由于两个图形的高均为 xxKR=x(GD+HF)2x(HF)=12+GD2HF \begin{aligned} \frac KR&=\frac{x(GD+HF)}{2x(HF)}\\ &=\frac12+\frac{GD}{2HF}\text{。} \end{aligned} xx 趋近于 00 时,后一个分数趋近于 2ax22ax=12 \frac{2\sqrt{ax}}{2\sqrt{2ax}}=\frac1{\sqrt2}\text{。} 因此 K:RK:R 趋近于 12+12\frac{1}{\sqrt2}+\frac{1}{2}

因此,正确答案是 D

Let JH=HG=x.JH=HG=x. Then OG=a2xOG=a-2x and OH=ax.OH=a-x. The half-chords are GD=2x(ax),HF=x(2ax). \begin{aligned} GD&=2\sqrt{x(a-x)},\\ HF&=\sqrt{x(2a-x)}. \end{aligned} Since both figures have height x,x, KR=x(GD+HF)2x(HF)=12+GD2HF. \begin{aligned} \frac KR&=\frac{x(GD+HF)}{2x(HF)}\\ &=\frac12+\frac{GD}{2HF}. \end{aligned} As xx approaches 0,0, the latter fraction approaches 2ax22ax=12. \frac{2\sqrt{ax}}{2\sqrt{2ax}}=\frac1{\sqrt2}. Thus K:RK:R approaches 12+12.\frac{1}{\sqrt2}+\frac{1}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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