1968 AMC 12 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

一个圆的直径增加 π\pi 个单位后,周长增加 PP 个单位。则 PP 等于:

Let PP units be the increase in the circumference of a circle resulting from an increase of π\pi units in the diameter. Then PP equals:

1π\dfrac1\pi

π\pi

π22\dfrac{\pi^2}{2}

π2\pi^2

2π2\pi

知识点:圆周长代数变形
难度评级:950
小提示:

将周长写成 πd\pi d

Write circumference as πd\pi d

大提示:

d+πd+\pi 代替 dd,再作差

Replace dd by d+πd+\pi and subtract

解答:

原周长为 πd\pi d。直径增加 π\pi 后,周长为 π(d+π)\pi(d+\pi)。因此增加量为 π(d+π)πd=π2\pi(d+\pi)-\pi d=\pi^2

因此,正确答案是 D

The original circumference is πd.\pi d. After the diameter increases by π,\pi, it is π(d+π).\pi(d+\pi). The increase is therefore π(d+π)πd=π2.\pi(d+\pi)-\pi d=\pi^2.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

2.

使 64x164^{x-1} 除以 4x14^{x-1} 等于 2562x256^{2x} 的实数 xx 为:

The real value of xx such that 64x164^{x-1} divided by 4x14^{x-1} equals 2562x256^{2x} is:

23-\dfrac23

13-\dfrac13

00

14\dfrac14

38\dfrac38

知识点:指数一次方程
难度评级:1320
小提示:

商中两个幂的指数相同,可先合并底数

Combine the quotient because its powers have the same exponent

大提示:

将等式两边都写成 1616 的幂

Write both sides as powers of 1616

解答:

左边为 (644)x1=16x1(\frac{64}{4})^{x-1}=16^{x-1},而 2562x=(162)2x=164x256^{2x}=(16^2)^{2x}=16^{4x}。因此 x1=4xx-1=4x,所以 x=13x=-\frac{1}{3}

因此,正确答案是 B

The left side is (644)x1=16x1,(\frac{64}{4})^{x-1}=16^{x-1}, while 2562x=(162)2x=164x.256^{2x}=(16^2)^{2x}=16^{4x}. Hence x1=4x,x-1=4x, so x=13.x=-\frac{1}{3}.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

3.

一条过点 (0,4)(0,4) 的直线与直线 x3y7=0x-3y-7=0 垂直。它的方程是:

A straight line passing through the point (0,4)(0,4) is perpendicular to the line x3y7=0.x-3y-7=0. Its equation is:

y+3x4=0y+3x-4=0

y+3x+4=0y+3x+4=0

y3x4=0y-3x-4=0

3y+x12=03y+x-12=0

3yx12=03y-x-12=0

难度评级:1290
小提示:

已知直线的斜率为 13\frac{1}{3}

The given line has slope 13\frac{1}{3}

大提示:

使用其负倒数作为斜率,并令直线通过 (0,4)(0,4)

Use the negative reciprocal slope through (0,4)(0,4)

解答:

已知直线的斜率为 13\frac{1}{3},所以垂线的斜率为 3-3。过点 (0,4)(0,4) 的垂线方程为 y=3x+4y=-3x+4,即 y+3x4=0y+3x-4=0

因此,正确答案是 A

The given line has slope 13,\frac{1}{3}, so a perpendicular line has slope 3.-3. Through (0,4)(0,4) its equation is y=3x+4,y=-3x+4, or y+3x4=0.y+3x-4=0.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

4.

对正实数定义运算 *ab=aba+ba*b=\dfrac{ab}{a+b}。则 4(44)4*(4*4) 等于:

Define an operation * for positive real numbers by ab=aba+b.a*b=\dfrac{ab}{a+b}. Then 4(44)4*(4*4) equals:

34\dfrac34

11

43\dfrac43

22

163\dfrac{16}{3}

难度评级:1360
小提示:

先计算内层运算

Evaluate the inner operation first

大提示:

求出 444*4 后,将结果作为第二个运算数代入

After finding 44,4*4, substitute it as the second input

解答:

首先,44=168=24*4=\frac{16}{8}=2。因此 4(44)=424*(4*4)=4*2,其值为 84+2=43\frac{8}{4+2}=\frac{4}{3}

因此,正确答案是 C

First, 44=168=2.4*4=\frac{16}{8}=2. Therefore 4(44)=42,4*(4*4)=4*2, which equals 84+2=43.\frac{8}{4+2}=\frac{4}{3}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

5.

f(n)=13n(n+1)(n+2)f(n)=\dfrac13n(n+1)(n+2),则 f(r)f(r1)f(r)-f(r-1) 等于:

If f(n)=13n(n+1)(n+2),f(n)=\dfrac13n(n+1)(n+2), then f(r)f(r1)f(r)-f(r-1) equals:

r(r+1)r(r+1)

(r+1)(r+2)(r+1)(r+2)

13r(r+1)\dfrac13r(r+1)

13(r+1)(r+2)\dfrac13(r+1)(r+2)

13r(r+1)(r+2)\dfrac13r(r+1)(r+2)

知识点:函数因式分解
难度评级:1260
小提示:

分别代入 rrr1r-1

Substitute rr and r1r-1 separately

大提示:

提取公因式 13r(r+1)\frac13r(r+1)

Factor out 13r(r+1)\frac13r(r+1)

解答:

f(r)=13r(r+1)(r+2)f(r)=\frac13r(r+1)(r+2)f(r1)=13(r1)r(r+1)f(r-1)=\frac13(r-1)r(r+1)。两者之差可写成 13r(r+1)\frac13r(r+1) 乘以 (r+2)(r1)=3(r+2)-(r-1)=3。结果为 r(r+1)r(r+1)

因此,正确答案是 A

We have f(r)=13r(r+1)(r+2)f(r)=\frac13r(r+1)(r+2) and f(r1)=13(r1)r(r+1).f(r-1)=\frac13(r-1)r(r+1). Factor their difference as 13r(r+1)\frac13r(r+1) times (r+2)(r1)=3.(r+2)-(r-1)=3. The result is r(r+1).r(r+1).

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

6.

将凸四边形 ABCDABCD 的边 ADADDD 点延长,并将边 BCBCCC 点延长,两延长线交于点 EE。设 SS 表示角 CDECDE 与角 DCEDCE 的度数之和,SS' 表示角 BADBAD 与角 ABCABC 的度数之和。若 r=SSr=\frac{S}{S'},则:

Let side ADAD of convex quadrilateral ABCDABCD be extended through D,D, and let side BCBC be extended through C,C, to meet in point E.E. Let SS represent the degree-sum of angles CDECDE and DCE,DCE, and let SS' represent the degree-sum of angles BADBAD and ABC.ABC. If r=SS,r=\frac{S}{S'}, then:

有时 r=1r=1,有时 r>1r\gt1

r=1r=1 sometimes, r>1r\gt1 sometimes

有时 r=1r=1,有时 r<1r\lt1

r=1r=1 sometimes, r<1r\lt1 sometimes

0<r<10\lt r\lt1

r>1r\gt1

r=1r=1

知识点:角度和导角
难度评级:1460
小提示:

用角 EE 表示这两个角度和

Express both sums using angle EE

大提示:

对三角形 ECDECDEABEAB 使用内角和

Apply the triangle angle sum to ECDECD and EABEAB

解答:

在三角形 ECDECD 中,S=180ES=180^\circ-\angle E。由于 DDAEAE 上,CCBEBE 上,由三角形 EABEAB 同样得到 S=180ES'=180^\circ-\angle E。因此 S=SS=S',且 r=1r=1

因此,正确答案是 E

In triangle ECD,ECD, S=180E.S=180^\circ-\angle E. Since DD lies on AEAE and CC lies on BE,BE, triangle EABEAB gives S=180ES'=180^\circ-\angle E as well. Thus S=SS=S' and r=1.r=1.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

7.

OO 是三角形 ABCABC 的两条中线 APAPCQCQ 的交点。若 OQOQ33 英寸,则 OPOP 的长度(英寸)为:

Let OO be the intersection point of medians APAP and CQCQ of triangle ABC.ABC. If OQOQ is 33 inches, then OP,OP, in inches, is:

33

92\dfrac92

66

99

无法确定

undetermined

难度评级:1360
小提示:

重心只给出同一条中线上各段的比例

A centroid gives a ratio only along each individual median

大提示:

已知 CQCQ 的一部分并不能确定 APAP 的长度

Knowing part of CQCQ does not determine the length of APAP

解答:

重心按 2:12:1 分割每条中线,所以 OQ=3OQ=3 可得 CQ=9CQ=9。但这并未给出两条不同中线 CQCQAPAP 的长度关系。满足 CQ=9CQ=9 的三角形可以有不同的 APAP,所以 OPOP 无法确定。

因此,正确答案是 E

The centroid divides each median in a 2:12:1 ratio, so OQ=3OQ=3 determines CQ=9.CQ=9. It gives no relation between the lengths of the two different medians CQCQ and AP.AP. Triangles with CQ=9CQ=9 can have different AP,AP, so OPOP is undetermined.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

8.

一个正数本应乘以 66,却误被除以 66。以正确结果为基准,所产生的百分误差取最接近的整数为:

A positive number is mistakenly divided by 66 instead of being multiplied by 6.6. Based on the correct answer, the error thus committed, to the nearest percent, is:

100100

9797

8383

1717

33

知识点:百分数分数
难度评级:1290
小提示:

设该数为 NN,比较 N6\frac{N}{6}6N6N

Let the number be NN and compare N6\frac{N}{6} with 6N6N

大提示:

用绝对误差除以正确结果

Divide the absolute error by the correct result

解答:

正确结果为 6N6N,误算结果为 N6\frac{N}{6}。以正确结果为基准,误差为 6NN66N=353697.2%\frac{6N-\frac{N}{6}}{6N}=\frac{35}{36}\approx97.2\%

因此,正确答案是 B

The correct result is 6N,6N, while the mistaken result is N6.\frac{N}{6}. Relative to the correct result, the error is 6NN66N=353697.2%.\frac{6N-\frac{N}{6}}{6N}=\frac{35}{36}\approx97.2\%.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

9.

满足 x+2=2x2\lvert x+2\rvert=2\lvert x-2\rvert 的所有实数 xx 之和为:

The sum of the real values of xx satisfying x+2=2x2\lvert x+2\rvert=2\lvert x-2\rvert is:

13\dfrac13

23\dfrac23

66

6136\dfrac13

6236\dfrac23

难度评级:1500
小提示:

等式两边均非负,可将两边平方

Square both sides; both sides are nonnegative

大提示:

利用所得二次方程的根之和

Use the sum of the roots of the resulting quadratic

解答:

平方后得到 (x+2)2=4(x2)2(x+2)^2=4(x-2)^2,即 3x220x+12=03x^2-20x+12=0。两个根都满足原绝对值方程,它们的和为 203=623\frac{20}{3}=6\frac23

因此,正确答案是 E

Squaring gives (x+2)2=4(x2)2,(x+2)^2=4(x-2)^2, or 3x220x+12=0.3x^2-20x+12=0. Both roots satisfy the original absolute-value equation, and their sum is 203=623.\frac{20}{3}=6\frac23.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

10.

假设对某所学校,下列陈述为真:

I\mathrm{I}:有些学生不诚实。

II\mathrm{II}:所有兄弟会成员都诚实。

必然可以得出的结论是:

Assume that, for a certain school, it is true that

I:\mathrm{I}: Some students are not honest.

II:\mathrm{II}: All fraternity members are honest.

A necessary conclusion is:

有些学生是兄弟会成员

Some students are fraternity members

有些兄弟会成员不是学生

Some fraternity members are not students

有些学生不是兄弟会成员

Some students are not fraternity members

没有兄弟会成员是学生

No fraternity member is a student

没有学生是兄弟会成员

No student is a fraternity member

知识点:逻辑推理
难度评级:1220
小提示:

选取陈述 I\mathrm{I} 保证存在的那种学生

Choose a student whose existence is guaranteed by statement I\mathrm{I}

大提示:

根据陈述 II\mathrm{II},这名不诚实的学生可能是兄弟会成员吗?

Could that dishonest student be a fraternity member under statement II?\mathrm{II}?

解答:

陈述 I\mathrm{I} 保证存在一名不诚实的学生。陈述 II\mathrm{II} 说明每位兄弟会成员都诚实,所以这名不诚实的学生不可能是兄弟会成员。因此,有些学生不是兄弟会成员。

因此,正确答案是 C

Statement I\mathrm{I} guarantees a dishonest student. Statement II\mathrm{II} says every fraternity member is honest, so that dishonest student cannot be a fraternity member. Hence some student is not a fraternity member.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

11.

若圆 I\mathrm{I} 上一段 6060^\circ 圆弧与圆 II\mathrm{II} 上一段 4545^\circ 圆弧长度相同,则圆 I\mathrm{I} 与圆 II\mathrm{II} 的面积之比为:

If an arc of 6060^\circ on circle I\mathrm{I} has the same length as an arc of 4545^\circ on circle II,\mathrm{II}, the ratio of the area of circle I\mathrm{I} to that of circle II\mathrm{II} is:

16:916:9

9:169:16

4:34:3

3:43:4

以上皆非

none of these

难度评级:1400
小提示:

令两段圆弧的 (θ360)2πr(\frac{\theta}{360^\circ})2\pi r 相等

Equate (θ360)2πr(\frac{\theta}{360^\circ})2\pi r for the two arcs

大提示:

将所得半径比平方,得到面积比

Square the resulting radius ratio to get the area ratio

解答:

弧长相等给出 60r1=45r260r_1=45r_2,所以 r1r2=34\frac{r_1}{r_2}=\frac{3}{4}。圆的面积与半径的平方成正比,故 A1:A2=9:16A_1:A_2=9:16

因此,正确答案是 B

Equal arc lengths give 60r1=45r2,60r_1=45r_2, so r1r2=34.\frac{r_1}{r_2}=\frac{3}{4}. Circle areas scale as the squares of the radii, giving A1:A2=9:16.A_1:A_2=9:16.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

12.

一个圆经过边长为 7127\dfrac121010121212\dfrac12 的三角形的三个顶点。该圆的半径为:

A circle passes through the vertices of a triangle with side-lengths 712,7\dfrac12, 10,10, 1212.12\dfrac12. The radius of the circle is:

154\dfrac{15}{4}

55

254\dfrac{25}{4}

354\dfrac{35}{4}

1522\dfrac{15\sqrt2}{2}

难度评级:1450
小提示:

这些边长是一个常见勾股数组的 52\frac{5}{2}

The side lengths are 52\frac{5}{2} times a familiar Pythagorean triple

大提示:

直角三角形的斜边是其外接圆的直径

A right triangle’s hypotenuse is the circumcircle’s diameter

解答:

三边为 52(3,4,5)\frac52(3,4,5),所以该三角形为直角三角形,斜边长 252\frac{25}{2}。斜边就是外接圆直径,因此半径为 254\frac{25}{4}

因此,正确答案是 C

The sides are 52(3,4,5),\frac52(3,4,5), so the triangle is right with hypotenuse 252.\frac{25}{2}. The hypotenuse is the circumdiameter, making the radius 254.\frac{25}{4}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

13.

mmnnx2+mx+n=0x^2+mx+n=0 的两个根,且 m0m\ne0n0n\ne0,则两根之和为:

If mm and nn are the roots of x2+mx+n=0,x^2+mx+n=0, m0,m\ne0, n0,n\ne0, then the sum of the roots is:

12-\dfrac12

1-1

12\dfrac12

11

无法确定

undetermined

难度评级:1800
小提示:

同时使用韦达定理中的根之和与根之积

Use both the sum and product forms of Vieta’s formulas

大提示:

根的乘积关系与 n0n\ne0 可以确定 mm

The product equation and n0n\ne0 determine mm

解答:

由于两根为 mmnn,韦达定理给出 m+n=mm+n=-mmn=nmn=n。因为 n0n\ne0,第二个等式给出 m=1m=1,进而 n=2n=-2。两根之和为 1-1

因此,正确答案是 B

Because the roots are m,m, n,n, Vieta gives m+n=mm+n=-m and mn=n.mn=n. Since n0,n\ne0, the second equation gives m=1,m=1, and then n=2.n=-2. Their sum is 1.-1.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

14.

若非零数 xxyy 满足 x=1+1yx=1+\dfrac1yy=1+1xy=1+\dfrac1x,则 yy 等于:

If xx and yy are nonzero numbers such that x=1+1yx=1+\dfrac1y and y=1+1x,y=1+\dfrac1x, then yy equals:

x1x-1

1x1-x

1+x1+x

x-x

xx

难度评级:1400
小提示:

将每个等式乘以相应的分母

Multiply each equation by its denominator

大提示:

两个等式都会给出 xyxy 的表达式

Both equations produce an expression for xyxy

解答:

两个等式分别给出 xy=y+1xy=y+1xy=x+1xy=x+1。因此 x+1=y+1x+1=y+1,所以 y=xy=x

因此,正确答案是 E

The equations give xy=y+1xy=y+1 and xy=x+1.xy=x+1. Therefore x+1=y+1,x+1=y+1, so y=x.y=x.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

15.

PP 是任意三个连续正奇数的乘积。所有这样的 PP 都能被整除的最大整数为:

Let PP be the product of any three consecutive positive odd integers. The largest integer dividing all such PP is:

1515

66

55

33

11

难度评级:1630
小提示:

考察三个连续奇数模 33 的余数

Among three consecutive odd integers, inspect residues modulo 33

大提示:

用两个例子排除所有更大的公因数

Use two examples to rule out every larger common divisor

解答:

三个连续奇数模 33 的余数依次连续,所以其中一个能被 33 整除。因此每个这样的乘积都能被 33 整除。两个乘积 135=151\cdot3\cdot5=157911=6937\cdot9\cdot11=693 的最大公因数为 33,所以不存在总能整除该乘积的更大整数。

因此,正确答案是 D

Three consecutive odd integers occupy three consecutive residues modulo 3,3, so one is divisible by 3.3. Thus every product is divisible by 3.3. The products 135=151\cdot3\cdot5=15 and 7911=6937\cdot9\cdot11=693 have greatest common divisor 3,3, so no larger integer always divides the product.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

16.

xx 满足 1x<2\dfrac1x\lt21x>3\dfrac1x\gt-3,则:

If xx is such that 1x<2\dfrac1x\lt2 and 1x>3,\dfrac1x\gt-3, then:

13<x<12-\dfrac13\lt x\lt\dfrac12

12<x<3-\dfrac12\lt x\lt3

x>12x\gt\dfrac12

x>12x\gt\dfrac1213<x<0-\dfrac13\lt x\lt0

x>12x\gt\dfrac12 or 13<x<0-\dfrac13\lt x\lt0

x>12x\gt\dfrac12x<13x\lt-\dfrac13

x>12x\gt\dfrac12 or x<13x\lt-\dfrac13

难度评级:1740
小提示:

将条件合并为 3<1x<2-3\lt\frac{1}{x}\lt2

Combine the conditions as 3<1x<2-3\lt\frac{1}{x}\lt2

大提示:

取倒数时,分别讨论 xx 为正和为负的情形

Treat positive and negative xx separately when taking reciprocals

解答:

x>0x\gt0 时,1x<2\frac{1}{x}\lt2 给出 x>12x\gt\frac{1}{2},另一个不等式自动成立。当 x<0x\lt0 时,1x>3\frac{1}{x}\gt-3 给出 x<13x\lt-\frac{1}{3},第一个不等式自动成立。因此 x>12x\gt\frac{1}{2}x<13x\lt-\frac{1}{3}

因此,正确答案是 E

For x>0,x\gt0, 1x<2\frac{1}{x}\lt2 gives x>12,x\gt\frac{1}{2}, while the other inequality is automatic. For x<0,x\lt0, 1x>3\frac{1}{x}\gt-3 gives x<13,x\lt-\frac{1}{3}, while the first is automatic. Thus x>12x\gt\frac{1}{2} or x<13.x\lt-\frac{1}{3}.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

17.

f(n)=x1+x2++xnnf(n)=\dfrac{x_1+x_2+\cdots+x_n}{n},其中 nn 为正整数。若 xk=(1)kx_k=(-1)^k,其中 k=1k=122\ldotsnn,则 f(n)f(n) 的所有可能值组成的集合为:

Let f(n)=x1+x2++xnn,f(n)=\dfrac{x_1+x_2+\cdots+x_n}{n}, where nn is a positive integer. If xk=(1)k,x_k=(-1)^k, k=1,k=1, 2,2, ,\ldots, n,n, the set of possible values of f(n)f(n) is:

{0}\{0\}

{1n}\left\{\dfrac1n\right\}

{0,1n}\left\{0,-\dfrac1n\right\}

{0,1n}\left\{0,\dfrac1n\right\}

{1,1n}\left\{1,\dfrac1n\right\}

难度评级:1470
小提示:

将相邻项配成 1+1-1+1

Pair consecutive terms 1+1-1+1

大提示:

分别讨论 nn 为偶数和奇数

Separate even and odd values of nn

解答:

nn 为偶数,各项两两配对后和为 00,所以 f(n)=0f(n)=0。若 nn 为奇数,最后还剩一个 1-1,所以 f(n)=1nf(n)=-\frac{1}{n}。因此所有可能值为 {0,1n}\{0,-\frac{1}{n}\}

因此,正确答案是 C

If nn is even, the terms pair to give sum 0,0, so f(n)=0.f(n)=0. If nn is odd, one final 1-1 remains, so f(n)=1n.f(n)=-\frac{1}{n}. The possible values are therefore {0,1n}.\{0,-\frac{1}{n}\}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

18.

三角形 ABCABC 的边 ABAB88 英寸。作直线 DEFDEF 平行于 ABAB,其中 DD 在线段 ACAC 上,EE 在线段 BCBC 上。直线 AEAE 的延长线平分角 FECFEC。若 DEDE55 英寸,则 CECE 的长度(英寸)为:

Side ABAB of triangle ABCABC has length 88 inches. Line DEFDEF is drawn parallel to ABAB so that DD is on segment AC,AC, and EE is on segment BC.BC. Line AEAE extended bisects angle FEC.FEC. If DEDE has length 55 inches, then the length of CE,CE, in inches, is:

514\dfrac{51}{4}

1313

534\dfrac{53}{4}

403\dfrac{40}{3}

272\dfrac{27}{2}

难度评级:2000
小提示:

AEAEEE 的延长线上取点 GG,于是角平分线条件为 FEG=GEC\angle FEG=\angle GEC

Put GG on the extension of AEAE beyond EE, so the bisector condition is FEG=GEC\angle FEG=\angle GEC

大提示:

证明 BE=ABBE=AB 后,利用三角形 CDECDECABCAB 相似

After showing BE=AB,BE=AB, use similarity of CDECDE and CABCAB

解答:

AEAEEE 的延长线上取点 GG。由角平分线条件,FEG=GEC\angle FEG=\angle GEC。由于 FEABFE\parallel AB,有 FEG=BAE\angle FEG=\angle BAE。又因为射线 EGEGEAEA 方向相反,射线 ECECEBEB 方向也相反,所以 GEC=AEB\angle GEC=\angle AEB。因此三角形 ABEABE 为等腰三角形,且 BE=AB=8BE=AB=8。由相似三角形 CDECDECABCABCECE+8=58\frac{CE}{CE+8}=\frac58。因此 8CE=5CE+408CE=5CE+40,所以 CE=403CE=\frac{40}{3}

因此,正确答案是 D

Put GG on the extension of AEAE beyond E.E. The bisector condition gives FEG=GEC.\angle FEG=\angle GEC. Since FEAB,FE\parallel AB, we have FEG=BAE.\angle FEG=\angle BAE. Also, rays EGEG and EAEA are opposite, as are rays ECEC and EB,EB, so GEC=AEB.\angle GEC=\angle AEB. Thus triangle ABEABE is isosceles and BE=AB=8.BE=AB=8. Similar triangles CDECDE and CABCAB give CECE+8=58.\frac{CE}{CE+8}=\frac58. Hence 8CE=5CE+40,8CE=5CE+40, so CE=403.CE=\frac{40}{3}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

19.

1010 美元兑换成一角硬币和二角五分硬币,且每种硬币至少使用一枚。设兑换方法数为 nn,则 nn 等于:

Let nn be the number of ways that 1010 dollars can be changed into dimes and quarters, with at least one of each coin being used. Then nn equals:

4040

3838

2121

2020

1919

难度评级:1710
小提示:

以美分为单位,求解 10d+25q=100010d+25q=1000

In cents, solve 10d+25q=100010d+25q=1000

大提示:

利用奇偶性写成 q=2kq=2k,再要求两种硬币的枚数均为正数

Use parity to write q=2kq=2k, then enforce positive coin counts

解答:

方程 10d+25q=100010d+25q=1000 化简为 2d+5q=2002d+5q=200。因此 qq 必须为偶数;令 q=2kq=2k,则 d=1005kd=100-5k。由两者均为正数可得 k=1k=122\ldots1919,所以共有 1919 种方法。

因此,正确答案是 E

The equation 10d+25q=100010d+25q=1000 reduces to 2d+5q=200.2d+5q=200. Thus qq must be even; write q=2k,q=2k, giving d=1005k.d=100-5k. Positivity requires k=1,k=1, 2,2, ,\ldots, 19,19, so there are 1919 ways.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

20.

一个 nn 边凸多边形的内角度数成等差数列。若公差为 55^\circ,最大角为 160160^\circ,则 nn 等于:

The measures of the interior angles of a convex polygon of nn sides are in arithmetic progression. If the common difference is 55^\circ and the largest angle is 160,160^\circ, then nn equals:

99

1010

1212

1616

3232

难度评级:1800
小提示:

将最小角写成 1605(n1)160-5(n-1)

Write the smallest angle as 1605(n1)160-5(n-1)

大提示:

令等差数列的和等于 180(n2)180(n-2)

Equate the arithmetic-series sum to 180(n2)180(n-2)

解答:

最小角为 1605(n1)160-5(n-1)。内角和为 n2\frac n2 乘以 3205(n1)320-5(n-1),并且等于 180(n2)180(n-2)。化简得 n2+7n144=0,(n9)(n+16)=0 \begin{aligned} n^2+7n-144&=0,\\ (n-9)(n+16)&=0\text{。} \end{aligned} 因此 n=9n=9

因此,正确答案是 A

The smallest angle is 1605(n1).160-5(n-1). The angle sum is n2\frac n2 times 3205(n1),320-5(n-1), and it equals 180(n2).180(n-2). This simplifies to n2+7n144=0,(n9)(n+16)=0. \begin{aligned} n^2+7n-144&=0,\\ (n-9)(n+16)&=0. \end{aligned} Thus n=9.n=9.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

21.

S=1!+2!+3!++99!S=1!+2!+3!+\cdots+99!,则 SS 的个位数字为:

If S=1!+2!+3!++99!,S=1!+2!+3!+\cdots+99!, then the units digit in the value of SS is:

99

88

55

33

00

知识点:阶乘个位数字
难度评级:1130
小提示:

5!5! 开始,每个阶乘的个位都是零

Every factorial from 5!5! onward ends in zero

大提示:

只需把前四项的个位数字相加

Only add the units digits of the first four terms

解答:

k5k\ge5 时,k!k! 能被 1010 整除。只有前四项会影响个位。它们的和为 1+2+6+24=331+2+6+24=33,个位数字是 33

因此,正确答案是 D

For k5,k\ge5, k!k! is divisible by 10.10. Only the first four terms matter. Their sum is 1+2+6+24=33,1+2+6+24=33, whose units digit is 3.3.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

22.

将一条长为 11 的线段分成四段。以这四段为边能组成四边形,当且仅当每一段都:

A segment of length 11 is divided into four segments. Then there exists a quadrilateral with the four segments as sides if and only if each segment is:

等于 14\dfrac14

equal to 14\dfrac14

大于或等于 18\dfrac18,且小于 12\dfrac12

equal to or greater than 18\dfrac18 and less than 12\dfrac12

大于 18\dfrac18,且小于 12\dfrac12

greater than 18\dfrac18 and less than 12\dfrac12

大于 18\dfrac18,且小于 14\dfrac14

greater than 18\dfrac18 and less than 14\dfrac14

小于 12\dfrac12

less than 12\dfrac12

难度评级:1610
小提示:

能组成非退化四边形,当且仅当最长边小于其余三边之和

A nondegenerate quadrilateral exists exactly when the longest side is shorter than the other three combined

大提示:

四段长度之和为 11

The four lengths sum to 11

解答:

能组成简单非退化四边形,当且仅当每一边都小于其余三边之和。由于总长为 11,对每一段而言,这个条件是 s<1ss\lt1-s,即 s<12s\lt\frac{1}{2}

因此,正确答案是 E

A simple nondegenerate quadrilateral exists exactly when each side is less than the sum of the other three. Since the total is 1,1, this condition is s<1s,s\lt1-s, or s<12,s\lt\frac{1}{2}, for every segment.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

23.

若所有对数均为实数,则等式

log(x+3)+log(x1)=log(x22x3) \begin{aligned} \log(x+3)+\log(x-1)\\ =\log(x^2-2x-3) \end{aligned}

对下列哪种情形成立:

If all the logarithms are real numbers, the equality

log(x+3)+log(x1)=log(x22x3) \begin{aligned} \log(x+3)+\log(x-1)\\ =\log(x^2-2x-3) \end{aligned}

is satisfied for:

所有实数 xx

all real values of xx

不存在实数 xx

no real values of xx

x=0x=0 外的所有实数 xx

all real values of xx except x=0x=0

x=0x=0 外不存在实数 xx

no real values of xx except x=0x=0

x=1x=1 外的所有实数 xx

all real values of xx except x=1x=1

知识点:对数分式方程
难度评级:1800
小提示:

合并左边的两个对数

Combine the two logarithms on the left

大提示:

解所得代数方程,再检验其定义域

Solve the resulting algebraic equation, then test its domain

解答:

合并对数要求 (x+3)(x1)=x22x3(x+3)(x-1)=x^2-2x-3。由此得到 x=0x=0。但此时 x1=1x-1=-1,所以左边的对数不是实数。因此没有实数解。

因此,正确答案是 B

Combining logarithms would require (x+3)(x1)=x22x3.(x+3)(x-1)=x^2-2x-3. This gives x=0.x=0. But then x1=1,x-1=-1, so the logarithm on the left is not real. Hence there are no real solutions.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

24.

将一幅 18×2418''\times24'' 的画装入木框,较长的一边竖直放置。上下两边的框宽是左右两边框宽的两倍。若木框面积等于画的面积,则装框后较短边与较长边的长度之比为:

A painting 18×2418''\times24'' is to be placed into a wooden frame with the longer dimension vertical. The wood at the top and bottom is twice as wide as the wood on the sides. If the frame area equals that of the painting itself, the ratio of the smaller to the larger dimension of the framed painting is:

1:31:3

1:21:2

2:32:3

3:43:4

1:11:1

难度评级:1690
小提示:

设左右两边框宽均为 xx,则上下两边框宽均为 2x2x

Let each side strip have width xx, so each top strip has width 2x2x

大提示:

令外部总面积等于 182418\cdot24 的两倍

Set the outside area equal to twice 182418\cdot24

解答:

外部尺寸为 18+2x18+2x24+4x24+4x。由于木框面积等于画的面积,(18+2x)(24+4x)=2(18)(24)(18+2x)(24+4x)=2(18)(24)。由此得到 x2+15x54=0x^2+15x-54=0,所以 x=3x=3。装框后的尺寸为 24243636,其比为 2:32:3

因此,正确答案是 C

The outside dimensions are 18+2x18+2x and 24+4x.24+4x. Since the frame area equals the painting area, (18+2x)(24+4x)=2(18)(24).(18+2x)(24+4x)=2(18)(24). This gives x2+15x54=0,x^2+15x-54=0, so x=3.x=3. The dimensions are 2424 and 36,36, with ratio 2:3.2:3.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

25.

艾斯以恒定速度跑步,弗拉什的速度是他的 xx 倍,其中 x>1x\gt1。弗拉什让艾斯领先 yy 码,发出信号后两人同向出发。则弗拉什追上艾斯前必须跑的码数为:

Ace runs with constant speed and Flash runs xx times as fast, x>1.x\gt1. Flash gives Ace a head start of yy yards, and, at a given signal, they start off in the same direction. Then the number of yards Flash must run to catch Ace is:

xyxy

yx+y\dfrac{y}{x+y}

xyx1\dfrac{xy}{x-1}

x+yx+1\dfrac{x+y}{x+1}

x+yx1\dfrac{x+y}{x-1}

难度评级:1450
小提示:

若艾斯的速度为 vv,则两人的相对速度为 (x1)v(x-1)v

If Ace’s speed is v,v, the closing speed is (x1)v(x-1)v

大提示:

用追赶时间乘以弗拉什的速度 xvxv

Multiply the catch-up time by Flash’s speed xvxv

解答:

若艾斯的速度为 vv,弗拉什的速度为 xvxv,所以两人的相对速度为 (x1)v(x-1)v。追赶时间为 y(x1)v\frac{y}{(x-1)v},在此期间弗拉什跑了 xvy(x1)v=xyx1\frac{xv\cdot y}{(x-1)v}=\frac{xy}{x-1}

因此,正确答案是 C

If Ace runs at speed v,v, Flash runs at xv,xv, so their closing speed is (x1)v.(x-1)v. The catch-up time is y(x1)v,\frac{y}{(x-1)v}, during which Flash runs xvy(x1)v=xyx1.\frac{xv\cdot y}{(x-1)v}=\frac{xy}{x-1}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

26.

S=2+4+6++2NS=2+4+6+\cdots+2N,其中 NN 是使 S>1,000,000S\gt1{,}000{,}000 的最小正整数。则 NN 的各位数字之和为:

Let S=2+4+6++2N,S=2+4+6+\cdots+2N, where NN is the smallest positive integer such that S>1,000,000.S\gt1{,}000{,}000. Then the sum of the digits of NN is:

2727

1212

66

22

11

难度评级:1510
小提示:

该和为 N(N+1)N(N+1)

The sum is N(N+1)N(N+1)

大提示:

9991000999\cdot1000100010011000\cdot1001 与一百万比较

Compare 9991000999\cdot1000 and 100010011000\cdot1001 with one million

解答:

S=N(N+1)S=N(N+1)。当 N=999N=999 时,999,000<1,000,000999{,}000\lt1{,}000{,}000;当 N=1000N=1000 时,结果为 1,001,0001{,}001{,}000。因此 N=1000N=1000,其各位数字之和为 11

因此,正确答案是 E

We have S=N(N+1).S=N(N+1). For N=999,N=999, this is 999,000<1,000,000,999{,}000\lt1{,}000{,}000, while for N=1000N=1000 it is 1,001,000.1{,}001{,}000. Thus N=1000,N=1000, whose digit sum is 1.1.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

27.

Sn=12+34++(1)n1n \begin{aligned} S_n&=1-2+3-4+\cdots\\ &\quad+(-1)^{n-1}n\text{。} \end{aligned}

其中 n=1n=122\ldots。则 S17+S33+S50S_{17}+S_{33}+S_{50} 等于:

Let

Sn=12+34++(1)n1n. \begin{aligned} S_n&=1-2+3-4+\cdots\\ &\quad+(-1)^{n-1}n. \end{aligned}

Here n=1,n=1, 2,2, .\ldots. Then S17+S33+S50S_{17}+S_{33}+S_{50} equals:

00

11

22

1-1

2-2

难度评级:1600
小提示:

将各项配成 (12)+(34)+(1-2)+(3-4)+\cdots

Pair terms as (12)+(34)+(1-2)+(3-4)+\cdots

大提示:

对于偶数 nnSn=n2S_n=-\frac{n}{2};对于奇数 nnSn=n+12S_n=\frac{n+1}{2}

For even n,n, Sn=n2;S_n=-\frac{n}{2}; for odd n,n, Sn=n+12S_n=\frac{n+1}{2}

解答:

配对后可得:当 nn 为偶数时,Sn=n2S_n=-\frac{n}{2};当 nn 为奇数时,Sn=n+12S_n=\frac{n+1}{2}。因此 S17=9S_{17}=9S33=17S_{33}=17S50=25S_{50}=-25,三者之和为 11

因此,正确答案是 B

Pairing gives Sn=n2S_n=-\frac{n}{2} for even nn and Sn=n+12S_n=\frac{n+1}{2} for odd n.n. Hence S17=9,S_{17}=9, S33=17,S_{33}=17, S50=25,S_{50}=-25, and their sum is 1.1.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

28.

aabb 的算术平均数是其几何平均数的两倍,且 a>b>0a\gt b\gt0,则 ab\frac{a}{b} 取到最接近整数后的一个可能值为:

If the arithmetic mean of aa and bb is double their geometric mean, with a>b>0,a\gt b\gt0, then a possible value for the ratio ab,\frac{a}{b}, to the nearest integer, is:

55

88

1111

1414

以上皆非

none of these

难度评级:1830
小提示:

t=abt=\frac{a}{b},并将平均数方程除以 bb

Set t=abt=\frac{a}{b} and divide the mean equation by bb

大提示:

将方程 t+1=4tt+1=4\sqrt t 两边平方后得到二次方程

The equation t+1=4tt+1=4\sqrt t becomes quadratic after squaring

解答:

t=ab>1t=\frac{a}{b}\gt1。由条件得 t+12=2t\frac{t+1}{2}=2\sqrt t,所以 t214t+1=0t^2-14t+1=0。大于 11 的根为 t=7+4313.93t=7+4\sqrt3\approx13.93,最接近的整数为 1414

因此,正确答案是 D

Let t=ab>1.t=\frac{a}{b}\gt1. The condition gives t+12=2t,\frac{t+1}{2}=2\sqrt t, so t214t+1=0.t^2-14t+1=0. The root greater than 11 is t=7+4313.93,t=7+4\sqrt3\approx13.93, whose nearest integer is 14.14.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

29.

已知三个数 xxy=xxy=x^xz=x(xx)z=x^{(x^x)},其中 0.9<x<1.00.9\lt x\lt1.0。按从小到大排列为:

Given the three numbers x,x, y=xx,y=x^x, z=x(xx),z=x^{(x^x)}, with 0.9<x<1.0.0.9\lt x\lt1.0. Arranged in order of increasing magnitude, they are:

xxzzyy

x,x, z,z, yy

xxyyzz

x,x, y,y, zz

yyxxzz

y,y, x,x, zz

yyzzxx

y,y, z,z, xx

zzxxyy

z,z, x,x, yy

知识点:指数不等式
难度评级:2000
小提示:

0<x<10\lt x\lt1 时,可通过比较正指数来比较幂的大小

For 0<x<1,0\lt x\lt1, compare powers by comparing their positive exponents

大提示:

先证明 x<xx<1x\lt x^x\lt1,再比较 xxxx^{x^x}

First show x<xx<1x\lt x^x\lt1, then compare xxxx^{x^x}

解答:

因为 0<x<10\lt x\lt1x<1x\lt1,将底数 xx 提到指数 xx 可得 x<y=xx<1x\lt y=x^x\lt1。当底数介于 0011 之间时,指数越大,幂值越小。由于 x<y<1x\lt y\lt1,有 x=x1<xy=z<xx=yx=x^1\lt x^y=z\lt x^x=y。所以 x<z<yx\lt z\lt y

因此,正确答案是 A

Since 0<x<10\lt x\lt1 and x<1,x\lt1, raising xx to the exponent xx gives x<y=xx<1.x\lt y=x^x\lt1. For a base between 00 and 1,1, a larger exponent gives a smaller value. Because x<y<1,x\lt y\lt1, we have x=x1<xy=z<xx=y.x=x^1\lt x^y=z\lt x^x=y. Thus x<z<y.x\lt z\lt y.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

30.

在同一平面内画有凸多边形 P1P_1P2P_2,其边数分别为 n1n_1n2n_2,且 n1n2n_1\leq n_2。若 P1P_1P2P_2 没有任何公共线段,则 P1P_1P2P_2 交点数的最大值为:

Convex polygons P1P_1 and P2P_2 are drawn in the same plane with n1n_1 and n2n_2 sides, respectively, n1n2.n_1\leq n_2. If P1P_1 and P2P_2 do not have any line segment in common, then the maximum number of intersections of P1P_1 and P2P_2 is:

2n12n_1

2n22n_2

n1n2n_1n_2

n1+n2n_1+n_2

以上皆非

none of these

难度评级:2130
小提示:

一条线段至多只能进入并离开一个凸多边形一次

A line segment can enter and leave a convex polygon at most once

大提示:

对边数较少的多边形的每一条边应用这一上界

Apply that bound to each side of the polygon with fewer sides

解答:

P1P_1 的每条边都位于一条直线上,它与凸区域 P2P_2 的交集要么是一条线段,要么为空。因此该边与 P2P_2 的边界至多相交两次。对 n1n_1 条边合计,交点数至多为 2n12n_1;取适当的狭长凸 n1n_1 边形穿过一个凸 n2n_2 边形即可达到此上界。

因此,正确答案是 A

Each side of P1P_1 lies on a line, and its intersection with the convex region P2P_2 is a single segment or empty. Thus that side crosses the boundary of P2P_2 at most twice. Across n1n_1 sides there are at most 2n1,2n_1, and a suitable thin convex n1n_1-gon crossing a convex n2n_2-gon attains this bound.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

31.

在这幅未按比例绘制的图中,图形 I\mathrm{I}III\mathrm{III} 是面积分别为 32332\sqrt3838\sqrt3 平方英寸的等边三角形区域。图形 II\mathrm{II} 是面积为 3232 平方英寸的正方形区域。将线段 ADAD 的长度减少其自身的 1212%12\dfrac12\%,而 ABABCDCD 的长度保持不变。正方形面积减少的百分比为:

In this diagram, not drawn to scale, figures I\mathrm{I} and III\mathrm{III} are equilateral triangular regions with respective areas of 32332\sqrt3 and 838\sqrt3 square inches. Figure II\mathrm{II} is a square region with area 3232 square inches. Let the length of segment ADAD be decreased by 1212%12\dfrac12\% of itself, while the lengths of ABAB and CDCD remain unchanged. The percent decrease in the area of the square is:

121212\dfrac12

2525

5050

7575

871287\dfrac12

难度评级:1800
小提示:

根据三个已知面积求出边长 ABABBCBCCDCD

Convert the three given areas into the side lengths AB,AB, BC,BC, CDCD

大提示:

ADAD 的减少量全部来自正方形的边长

The decrease in ADAD is absorbed entirely by the square’s side

解答:

(34)s2=323(\frac{\sqrt3}{4})s^2=32\sqrt3AB=82AB=8\sqrt2。正方形的边长 BC=42BC=4\sqrt2,较小等边三角形的边长也有 CD=42CD=4\sqrt2。因此 AD=162AD=16\sqrt2。将它减少 18\frac{1}{8},会使 BCBC 减少 222\sqrt2,其新长度为 222\sqrt2。正方形面积从 3232 降至 88,减少了 75%75\%

因此,正确答案是 D

From (34)s2=323,(\frac{\sqrt3}{4})s^2=32\sqrt3, AB=82.AB=8\sqrt2. The square has BC=42,BC=4\sqrt2, and the smaller equilateral triangle also has CD=42.CD=4\sqrt2. Thus AD=162.AD=16\sqrt2. Decreasing it by 18\frac{1}{8} removes 222\sqrt2 from BC,BC, whose new length is 22.2\sqrt2. The square’s area falls from 3232 to 8,8, a 75%75\% decrease.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

32.

AABB 分别沿两条在点 OO 垂直相交的直线路径做匀速运动。当 AA 位于 OO 时,BBOO 尚有 500500 码。经过 22 分钟,两者到 OO 的距离相等;再过 88 分钟,两者到 OO 的距离又一次相等。则 AABB 的速度之比为:

AA and BB move uniformly along two straight paths intersecting at right angles in point O.O. When AA is at O,O, BB is 500500 yards short of O.O. In 22 minutes they are equidistant from O,O, and in 88 minutes more they are again equidistant from O.O. Then the ratio of AA’s speed to BB’s speed is:

4:54:5

5:65:6

2:32:3

5:85:8

1:21:2

难度评级:1900
小提示:

设速度分别为 uuvv;当 t=2t=2 时,2u=5002v2u=500-2v

Let the speeds be u,u, vv; at t=2,t=2, 2u=5002v2u=500-2v

大提示:

t=10t=10 时,BB 已通过 OO,所以 10u=10v50010u=10v-500

At t=10,t=10, BB has passed O,O, so 10u=10v50010u=10v-500

解答:

AABB 的速度分别为 uuvv。当 t=2t=2 时,2u=5002v2u=500-2v,所以 u+v=250u+v=250。当 t=10t=10 时,BB 已通过 OO,且 10u=10v50010u=10v-500,所以 vu=50v-u=50。于是 u=100u=100v=150v=150,且 u:v=2:3u:v=2:3

因此,正确答案是 C

Let the speeds of A,A, BB be u,u, v.v. At t=2,t=2, 2u=5002v,2u=500-2v, so u+v=250.u+v=250. At t=10,t=10, BB has passed O,O, and 10u=10v500,10u=10v-500, so vu=50.v-u=50. Hence u=100,u=100, v=150,v=150, and u:v=2:3.u:v=2:3.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

33.

NN77 进制表示时有三位。当 NN99 进制表示时,三个数字的顺序恰好颠倒。则中间一位数字为:

A number NN has three digits when expressed in base 7.7. When NN is expressed in base 99 the digits are reversed. Then the middle digit is:

00

11

33

44

55

难度评级:2060
小提示:

77 进制的三位数字为 aabbcc,令 49a+7b+c49a+7b+c 等于 81c+9b+a81c+9b+a

Call the base-77 digits a,a, b,b, cc and equate 49a+7b+c49a+7b+c to 81c+9b+a81c+9b+a

大提示:

整理为 24ab=40c24a-b=40c,并利用各数字的范围

Rearrange to 24ab=40c24a-b=40c and use the digit bounds

解答:

N=(abc)7=(cba)9N=(abc)_7=(cba)_9。则 49a+7b+c=81c+9b+a49a+7b+c=81c+9b+a,所以 24ab=40c24a-b=40c。在 1a61\leq a\leq60b60\leq b\leq61c61\leq c\leq6 的条件下,唯一可能是 a=5a=5c=3c=3b=0b=0。事实上,(503)7=(305)9=248(503)_7=(305)_9=248

因此,正确答案是 A

Let N=(abc)7=(cba)9.N=(abc)_7=(cba)_9. Then 49a+7b+c=81c+9b+a,49a+7b+c=81c+9b+a, so 24ab=40c.24a-b=40c. With 1a6,1\leq a\leq6, 0b6,0\leq b\leq6, and 1c6,1\leq c\leq6, the only possibility is a=5,a=5, c=3,c=3, b=0.b=0. Indeed, (503)7=(305)9=248.(503)_7=(305)_9=248.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

34.

众议院共有 400400 名议员投票,一项法案未获通过。由同一批议员重新投票后,法案以原先落败票差两倍的票差通过。重新投票时的赞成票数是原先反对票数的 1211\dfrac{12}{11}。第二次投票的赞成票比第一次多多少票?

With 400400 members voting, the House of Representatives defeated a bill. A re-vote, with the same members voting, resulted in passage of the bill by twice the margin by which it was originally defeated. The number voting for the bill on the re-vote was 1211\dfrac{12}{11} of the number voting against it originally. How many more members voted for the bill the second time than voted for it the first time?

7575

6060

5050

4545

2020

难度评级:1900
小提示:

设第一次和第二次投票的赞成票数分别为 FFGG

Let the original and second numbers voting for be FF and GG

大提示:

使用 G=1211(400F)G=\frac{12}{11}(400-F)2G400=2(4002F)2G-400=2(400-2F)

Use G=1211(400F)G=\frac{12}{11}(400-F) and 2G400=2(4002F)2G-400=2(400-2F)

解答:

设第一次和第二次投票的赞成票数为 FFGG。由比例条件得 G=1211(400F)G=\frac{12}{11}(400-F)。通过时的票差是原先落败票差的两倍,所以 2G400=2(4002F)2G-400=2(400-2F),即 G+2F=600G+2F=600。解得 F=180F=180G=240G=240,所以第二次多了 6060 张赞成票。

因此,正确答案是 B

Let F,F, GG be the original and second numbers voting for the bill. The ratio condition gives G=1211(400F).G=\frac{12}{11}(400-F). The passage margin is twice the original defeat margin, so 2G400=2(4002F),2G-400=2(400-2F), or G+2F=600.G+2F=600. Solving gives F=180,F=180, G=240,G=240, so 6060 more members voted for it.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

35.

在图中,圆心为 OO,半径为 aa 英寸,弦 EFEF 平行于弦 CDCDOOGGHHJJ 共线,且 GGCDCD 的中点。设 KK(平方英寸)表示梯形 CDFECDFE 的面积,RR(平方英寸)表示矩形 ELMFELMF 的面积。将 CDCDEFEF 向上平移,使 OGOG 增大并趋近于 aa,同时始终保持 JHJH 等于 HGHG,则比值 K:RK:R 可以任意接近:

In this diagram the center of the circle is O,O, the radius is aa inches, chord EFEF is parallel to chord CD,CD, O,O, G,G, H,H, JJ are collinear, and GG is the midpoint of CD.CD. Let KK (square inches) represent the area of trapezoid CDFECDFE and let RR (square inches) represent the area of rectangle ELMF.ELMF. Then, as CDCD and EFEF are translated upward so that OGOG increases toward the value a,a, while JHJH always equals HG,HG, the ratio K:RK:R becomes arbitrarily close to:

00

11

2\sqrt2

12+12\dfrac1{\sqrt2}+\dfrac12

12+1\dfrac1{\sqrt2}+1

难度评级:2650
小提示:

JH=HG=xJH=HG=x,则 OG=a2xOG=a-2x,且 OH=axOH=a-x

Let JH=HG=x,JH=HG=x, so OG=a2xOG=a-2x and OH=axOH=a-x

大提示:

用勾股定理表示两条半弦,再令 xx 趋近于 00

Express the two half-chords with the Pythagorean theorem, then let xx approach 00

解答:

JH=HG=xJH=HG=x。则 OG=a2xOG=a-2x,且 OH=axOH=a-x。两条半弦为 GD=2x(ax),HF=x(2ax) \begin{aligned} GD&=2\sqrt{x(a-x)},\\ HF&=\sqrt{x(2a-x)}\text{。} \end{aligned} 由于两个图形的高均为 xxKR=x(GD+HF)2x(HF)=12+GD2HF \begin{aligned} \frac KR&=\frac{x(GD+HF)}{2x(HF)}\\ &=\frac12+\frac{GD}{2HF}\text{。} \end{aligned} xx 趋近于 00 时,后一个分数趋近于 2ax22ax=12 \frac{2\sqrt{ax}}{2\sqrt{2ax}}=\frac1{\sqrt2}\text{。} 因此 K:RK:R 趋近于 12+12\frac{1}{\sqrt2}+\frac{1}{2}

因此,正确答案是 D

Let JH=HG=x.JH=HG=x. Then OG=a2xOG=a-2x and OH=ax.OH=a-x. The half-chords are GD=2x(ax),HF=x(2ax). \begin{aligned} GD&=2\sqrt{x(a-x)},\\ HF&=\sqrt{x(2a-x)}. \end{aligned} Since both figures have height x,x, KR=x(GD+HF)2x(HF)=12+GD2HF. \begin{aligned} \frac KR&=\frac{x(GD+HF)}{2x(HF)}\\ &=\frac12+\frac{GD}{2HF}. \end{aligned} As xx approaches 0,0, the latter fraction approaches 2ax22ax=12. \frac{2\sqrt{ax}}{2\sqrt{2ax}}=\frac1{\sqrt2}. Thus K:RK:R approaches 12+12.\frac{1}{\sqrt2}+\frac{1}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.