2022 AIME II 第 3 题

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3.

一个正四棱锥的体积为 5454,底面边长为 66。这个棱锥的五个顶点都在一个半径为 mn\frac{m}{n} 的球面上,其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数。求 m+nm + n

A right square pyramid with volume 5454 has a base with side length 6.6. The five vertices of the pyramid all lie on a sphere with radius mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:21
知识点:棱锥体积
难度评级:2110
解答:

底面积为 3636,所以 1336h=54\frac{1}{3} \cdot 36 \cdot h = 54 给出高度 h=92h = \frac{9}{2}。 由对称性,球心在棱锥的轴线上,设其在底面上方的高度为 zz。每个底面顶点到轴线的距离为 323\sqrt{2},所以球心到底面顶点的距离为 z2+18\sqrt{z^2 + 18},而它到顶点的距离为 92z\frac{9}{2} - z

(92z)2=z2+18\left(\frac{9}{2} - z\right)^2 = z^2 + 18,得到 8149z=18\frac{81}{4} - 9z = 18,所以 z=14z = \frac{1}{4} 半径为 9214=174\frac{9}{2} - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{17}{4},因此 m+n=17+4=21m + n = 17 + 4 = 21

The base has area 36,36, so 1336h=54\frac{1}{3} \cdot 36 \cdot h = 54 gives height h=92.h = \frac{9}{2}. By symmetry the sphere's center lies on the pyramid's axis, say at height zz above the base. Each base vertex is at distance 323\sqrt{2} from the axis, so the center's distance to a base vertex is z2+18,\sqrt{z^2 + 18}, while its distance to the apex is 92z.\frac{9}{2} - z.

Setting (92z)2=z2+18\left(\frac{9}{2} - z\right)^2 = z^2 + 18 gives 8149z=18,\frac{81}{4} - 9z = 18, so z=14.z = \frac{1}{4}. The radius is 9214=174,\frac{9}{2} - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{17}{4}, and m+n=17+4=21.m + n = 17 + 4 = 21.

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