2015 AIME I 第 7 题

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7.

在下图中,ABCDABCD 是正方形。点 EEAD\overline{AD} 的中点。点 FFGGCE\overline{CE} 上,点 HHJJ 分别在 AB\overline{AB}BC\overline{BC} 上,使得 FGHJFGHJ 是正方形。点 KKLLGH\overline{GH} 上,点 MMNN 分别在 AD\overline{AD}AB\overline{AB} 上,使得 KLMNKLMN 是正方形。KLMNKLMN 的面积为 9999。 求 FGHJFGHJ 的面积。

In the diagram below, ABCDABCD is a square. Point EE is the midpoint of AD.\overline{AD}. Points FF and GG lie on CE,\overline{CE}, and HH and JJ lie on AB\overline{AB} and BC,\overline{BC}, respectively, so that FGHJFGHJ is a square. Points KK and LL lie on GH,\overline{GH}, and MM and NN lie on AD\overline{AD} and AB,\overline{AB}, respectively, so that KLMNKLMN is a square. The area of KLMNKLMN is 99.99. Find the area of FGHJ.FGHJ.

答案:539
知识点:相似正方形(几何)直角三角形
难度评级:2710
解答:

AE=sAE = s,则大正方形边长为 2s2s,且 CE=s5CE = s\sqrt{5}。直角三角形 CDECDEJFCJFCHBJHBJNKHNKH, 和 MANMAN 都相似,直角边比为 1:21 : 2。设 FGHJFGHJ 的边长为 xx。在 HBJ\triangle HBJ 中, 斜边为 HJ=xHJ = x,所以 BJ=x5BJ = \frac{x}{\sqrt{5}}HB=2x5HB = \frac{2x}{\sqrt{5}};在 JFC\triangle JFC 中,较长直角边为 JF=xJF = x,所以斜边 JC=x52JC = \frac{x\sqrt{5}}{2}。于是 2s=BC=BJ+JC=x(15+52)=7x25, \begin{aligned} 2s = BC &= BJ + JC \\ &= x\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}} + \frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\right) \\ &= \frac{7x}{2\sqrt{5}}, \end{aligned} 所以 x=45s7x = \frac{4\sqrt{5}\,s}{7}

接着,AH=2sHB=2s8s7AH = 2s - HB = 2s - \frac{8s}{7} =6s7= \frac{6s}{7}。对边长为 yy 的正方形 KLMNKLMN,沿 AB\overline{AB} 作同样的分解得到 6s7=AH=AN+NH\frac{6s}{7} = AH = AN + NH =y(15+52)= y\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}} + \frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)。 两式相除,得 xy=2s6s/7=73\frac{x}{y} = \frac{2s}{6s/7} = \frac{7}{3}

因此面积比为 (73)2=499\left(\frac{7}{3}\right)^2 = \frac{49}{9},所以 FGHJFGHJ 的面积为 99499=53999 \cdot \frac{49}{9} = 539

Let AE=s,AE = s, so the big square has side 2s2s and CE=s5.CE = s\sqrt{5}. The right triangles CDE,CDE, JFC,JFC, HBJ,HBJ, NKH,NKH, and MANMAN are all similar, with legs in ratio 1:2.1 : 2. Let xx be the side of FGHJ.FGHJ. In HBJ\triangle HBJ the hypotenuse is HJ=x,HJ = x, so BJ=x5BJ = \frac{x}{\sqrt{5}} and HB=2x5;HB = \frac{2x}{\sqrt{5}}; in JFC\triangle JFC the longer leg is JF=x,JF = x, so the hypotenuse is JC=x52.JC = \frac{x\sqrt{5}}{2}. Then 2s=BC=BJ+JC=x(15+52)=7x25, \begin{aligned} 2s = BC &= BJ + JC \\ &= x\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}} + \frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\right) \\ &= \frac{7x}{2\sqrt{5}}, \end{aligned} so x=45s7.x = \frac{4\sqrt{5}\,s}{7}.

Next, AH=2sHB=2s8s7AH = 2s - HB = 2s - \frac{8s}{7} =6s7.= \frac{6s}{7}. The identical decomposition along AB\overline{AB} for the square KLMNKLMN of side yy gives 6s7=AH=AN+NH\frac{6s}{7} = AH = AN + NH =y(15+52).= y\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}} + \frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\right). Dividing the two equations, xy=2s6s/7=73.\frac{x}{y} = \frac{2s}{6s/7} = \frac{7}{3}.

The areas are therefore in ratio (73)2=499,\left(\frac{7}{3}\right)^2 = \frac{49}{9}, so the area of FGHJFGHJ is 99499=539.99 \cdot \frac{49}{9} = 539.

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