2013 AIME I 第 7 题

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7.

一个长方体的宽为 1212 英寸,长为 1616 英寸,高为 mn\frac{m}{n} 英寸,其中 mmnn 是互质正整数。长方体的三个面相交于同一个顶点。这三个面的中心点作为顶点形成一个面积为 3030 平方英寸的三角形。求 m+nm + n

A rectangular box has width 1212 inches, length 1616 inches, and height mn\frac{m}{n} inches, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Three faces of the box meet at a corner of the box. The center points of those three faces are the vertices of a triangle with an area of 3030 square inches. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:41
知识点:立体几何向量三角形面积
难度评级:2560
解答:

设高为 hh,把公共顶点放在原点,所以长方体为 [0,12]×[0,16]×[0,h][0,12] \times [0,16] \times [0,h]。与原点相交的三个面中心为 P=(6,8,0)P = (6, 8, 0)Q=(0,8,h2)Q = \left(0, 8, \tfrac{h}{2}\right)R=(6,0,h2)R = \left(6, 0, \tfrac{h}{2}\right)

于是 PQ=(6,0,h2)\overrightarrow{PQ} = \left(-6, 0, \tfrac{h}{2}\right)PR=(0,8,h2)\overrightarrow{PR} = \left(0, -8, \tfrac{h}{2}\right),它们的叉积为 (4h,3h,48)(4h, 3h, 48)。面积为 所以 25h2=36002304=129625h^2 = 3600 - 2304 = 1296,且 h=365h = \frac{36}{5}1216h2+9h2+482=1225h2+2304=30, \begin{aligned} &\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{16h^2 + 9h^2 + 48^2} \\ &= \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{25h^2 + 2304} \\ &= 30, \end{aligned}

因此 m+n=36+5=41m + n = 36 + 5 = 41

Let the height be hh and place the corner at the origin, so the box is [0,12]×[0,16]×[0,h].[0,12] \times [0,16] \times [0,h]. The three faces meeting at the origin have centers P=(6,8,0),P = (6, 8, 0), Q=(0,8,h2),Q = \left(0, 8, \tfrac{h}{2}\right), and R=(6,0,h2).R = \left(6, 0, \tfrac{h}{2}\right).

Then PQ=(6,0,h2)\overrightarrow{PQ} = \left(-6, 0, \tfrac{h}{2}\right) and PR=(0,8,h2),\overrightarrow{PR} = \left(0, -8, \tfrac{h}{2}\right), whose cross product is (4h,3h,48).(4h, 3h, 48). The area is 1216h2+9h2+482=1225h2+2304=30, \begin{aligned} &\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{16h^2 + 9h^2 + 48^2} \\ &= \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{25h^2 + 2304} \\ &= 30, \end{aligned} so 25h2=36002304=129625h^2 = 3600 - 2304 = 1296 and h=365.h = \frac{36}{5}.

Therefore m+n=36+5=41.m + n = 36 + 5 = 41.

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