2022 AIME I 第 7 题

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7.

a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,ia, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i 是从 1199 中取出的互不相同的整数。正值的最小可能值可写成 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质正整数。求 m+nm + nabcdefghi\frac{a \cdot b \cdot c - d \cdot e \cdot f}{g \cdot h \cdot i}

Let a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,ia, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i be distinct integers from 11 to 9.9. The minimum possible positive value of abcdefghi\frac{a \cdot b \cdot c - d \cdot e \cdot f}{g \cdot h \cdot i} can be written as mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m + n.

答案:289
知识点:最优化极端原理极限情形界定
难度评级:2560
解答:

先尝试让分子等于 11,同时把较大的数字留在分母中。乘积 236=362 \cdot 3 \cdot 6 = 36157=351 \cdot 5 \cdot 7 = 35 相差 11,并留下 4,8,94, 8, 9 作分母,给出 3635489=1288.\frac{36 - 35}{4 \cdot 8 \cdot 9} = \frac{1}{288}.

若要更小,就需要分子为 11 且分母大于 288288。超过 288288 的分母数字组为 {7,8,9}\{7,8,9\}{6,8,9}\{6,8,9\}{5,8,9}\{5,8,9\}{6,7,9}\{6,7,9\}{5,7,9}\{5,7,9\}, 和 {6,7,8}\{6,7,8\}。在每种情况下,把剩余六个数字分成两个三元组时,最接近的乘积对分别为 303024243030282836362828303028283636323236363030,差都至少为 22,甚至 2432=1216\frac{2}{432} = \frac{1}{216} 也大于 1288\frac{1}{288}

所以最小正值为 1288\frac{1}{288},且 m+n=1+288=289m + n = 1 + 288 = 289

Try to make the numerator equal to 11 while keeping large digits in the denominator. The products 236=362 \cdot 3 \cdot 6 = 36 and 157=351 \cdot 5 \cdot 7 = 35 differ by 11 and leave 4,8,94, 8, 9 for the denominator, giving the value 3635489=1288.\frac{36 - 35}{4 \cdot 8 \cdot 9} = \frac{1}{288}.

To beat this, a fraction would need numerator 11 with denominator greater than 288.288. The denominators exceeding 288288 are {7,8,9},\{7,8,9\}, {6,8,9},\{6,8,9\}, {5,8,9},\{5,8,9\}, {6,7,9},\{6,7,9\}, {5,7,9},\{5,7,9\}, and {6,7,8}.\{6,7,8\}. Splitting the remaining six digits into two triples in each case, the closest product pairs are 3030 and 24,24, 3030 and 28,28, 3636 and 28,28, 3030 and 28,28, 3636 and 32,32, and 3636 and 30,30, respectively — differences of at least 2,2, and even 2432=1216\frac{2}{432} = \frac{1}{216} exceeds 1288.\frac{1}{288}.

So the minimum positive value is 1288,\frac{1}{288}, and m+n=1+288=289.m + n = 1 + 288 = 289.

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