2017 AIME I 第 7 题

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7.

对满足 a+b6a + b \le 6 的非负整数 aabb,令 T(a,b)=(6a)(6b)(6a+b)T(a, b) = \binom{6}{a}\binom{6}{b}\binom{6}{a+b}。设 SS 为所有满足 a+b6a + b \le 6 的非负整数 aabb 对应的 T(a,b)T(a, b) 之和。求 SS 除以 10001000 的余数。

For nonnegative integers aa and bb with a+b6,a + b \le 6, let T(a,b)=(6a)(6b)(6a+b).T(a, b) = \binom{6}{a}\binom{6}{b}\binom{6}{a+b}. Let SS denote the sum of all T(a,b),T(a, b), where aa and bb are nonnegative integers with a+b6.a + b \le 6. Find the remainder when SS is divided by 1000.1000.

答案:564
知识点:组合双重计数
难度评级:2650
解答:

利用对称性 (6a+b)=(66(a+b))\binom{6}{a+b} = \binom{6}{6-(a+b)},令 c=6abc = 6 - a - b 可将和改写为 S=a+b+c=6(6a)(6b)(6c).S = \sum_{a+b+c=6} \binom{6}{a}\binom{6}{b}\binom{6}{c}.

每一项表示从一个 66 元集合中选 aa 个元素、从第二个 66 元集合中选 bb 个元素、从第三个六元集合中选 cc 个元素的方法数。对所有 a+b+c=6a + b + c = 6 求和,就数出了从合并后的 1818 元集合中选六个元素的所有方法,所以 S=(186)=18564S = \binom{18}{6} = 18564

除以 10001000 的余数为 564564

By the symmetry (6a+b)=(66(a+b)),\binom{6}{a+b} = \binom{6}{6-(a+b)}, substituting c=6abc = 6 - a - b turns the sum into S=a+b+c=6(6a)(6b)(6c).S = \sum_{a+b+c=6} \binom{6}{a}\binom{6}{b}\binom{6}{c}.

Each term counts the ways to choose aa elements from one 66-element set, bb from a second, and cc from a third. Summed over all a+b+c=6,a + b + c = 6, this counts every way to choose 66 elements from the combined 1818-element set, so S=(186)=18564.S = \binom{18}{6} = 18564.

The remainder upon division by 10001000 is 564.564.

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