2016 AIME I 第 7 题

先试着解答 2016 AIME I 第 7 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2016 AIME I 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

7.

对整数 aabb,考虑复数 ab+2016ab+100(a+bab+100)i.\frac{\sqrt{ab + 2016}}{ab + 100} - \left(\frac{\sqrt{|a + b|}}{ab + 100}\right)i. 求有多少个有序整数对 (a,b)(a, b),使得这个复数是实数。

For integers aa and bb consider the complex number ab+2016ab+100(a+bab+100)i.\frac{\sqrt{ab + 2016}}{ab + 100} - \left(\frac{\sqrt{|a + b|}}{ab + 100}\right)i. Find the number of ordered pairs of integers (a,b)(a, b) such that this complex number is a real number.

答案:103
知识点:复数西蒙最爱的因式分解技巧分类讨论
难度评级:2920
解答:

ab+20160ab + 2016 \ge 0,第一项为实数,所以整个数为实数当且仅当 a+b=0\sqrt{|a + b|} = 0,也就是 b=ab = -a。此时 ab+2016=2016a20ab + 2016 = 2016 - a^2 \ge 0,迫使 a44|a| \le 44,并且分母 ab+100=100a2ab + 100 = 100 - a^2 排除 a=±10a = \pm 10。这给出 892=8789 - 2 = 87 个数对。

ab+2016<0ab + 2016 \lt 0,则 ab+2016=iab2016\sqrt{ab + 2016} = i\sqrt{-ab - 2016},所以整个数为 ab2016a+bab+100i\frac{\sqrt{-ab - 2016} - \sqrt{|a + b|}}{ab + 100}\,i,它为实数当且仅当 ab2016=a+b-ab - 2016 = |a + b|。注意 a+b=0a + b = 0 在这里不可能,因为 a2=2016a^2 = 2016 没有整数解。 当 a+b>0a + b \gt 0 时,方程变成 ab+a+b+2016=0ab + a + b + 2016 = 0,也就是 (a+1)(b+1)=2015(a + 1)(b + 1) = -2015,当 a+b<0a + b \lt 0 时,方程变成 (a1)(b1)=2015(a - 1)(b - 1) = -2015

因为 2015=513312015 = 5 \cdot 13 \cdot 3188 个正因数,(a+1)(b+1)=2015(a+1)(b+1) = -20151616 个有序整数解,并且 a+b>0a + b \gt 0 恰好在正因数的绝对值较大时成立:有 88 个解。 对称地,另一个情形也给出 88 个解。在所有这些解中 ab+100=1916a+b0ab + 100 = -1916 - |a + b| \ne 0。 总数为 87+8+8=10387 + 8 + 8 = 103

If ab+20160,ab + 2016 \ge 0, the first term is real, so the number is real exactly when a+b=0,\sqrt{|a + b|} = 0, that is b=a.b = -a. Then ab+2016=2016a20ab + 2016 = 2016 - a^2 \ge 0 forces a44,|a| \le 44, and the denominator ab+100=100a2ab + 100 = 100 - a^2 rules out a=±10.a = \pm 10. That gives 892=8789 - 2 = 87 pairs.

If ab+2016<0,ab + 2016 \lt 0, then ab+2016=iab2016,\sqrt{ab + 2016} = i\sqrt{-ab - 2016}, so the whole number is ab2016a+bab+100i,\frac{\sqrt{-ab - 2016} - \sqrt{|a + b|}}{ab + 100}\,i, which is real exactly when ab2016=a+b.-ab - 2016 = |a + b|. Note a+b=0a + b = 0 is impossible here since a2=2016a^2 = 2016 has no integer solution. For a+b>0a + b \gt 0 the equation becomes ab+a+b+2016=0,ab + a + b + 2016 = 0, that is (a+1)(b+1)=2015,(a + 1)(b + 1) = -2015, and for a+b<0a + b \lt 0 it becomes (a1)(b1)=2015.(a - 1)(b - 1) = -2015.

Since 2015=513312015 = 5 \cdot 13 \cdot 31 has 88 positive divisors, (a+1)(b+1)=2015(a+1)(b+1) = -2015 has 1616 ordered integer solutions, and a+b>0a + b \gt 0 holds exactly when the positive factor is the larger in absolute value: 88 solutions. Symmetrically the other case gives 88 more. In all of these ab+100=1916a+b0.ab + 100 = -1916 - |a + b| \ne 0. The total is 87+8+8=103.87 + 8 + 8 = 103.

← 第 6 题#6
完整试卷

其他年份的第 7 题