2016 AIME I 第 6 题

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6.

在 △ABC\triangle ABC 中,设 II 为内切圆圆心,并设 ∠ACB\angle ACB 的角平分线与 AB‾\overline{AB} 交于 LL。经过 CC 和 LL 的直线与 △ABC\triangle ABC 的外接圆交于 CC 和 DD 两点。若 LI=2LI = 2 且 LD=3LD = 3,则 IC=pqIC = \frac{p}{q},其中 pp 和 qq 是互质的正整数。求 p+qp + q。

In △ABC\triangle ABC let II be the center of the inscribed circle, and let the bisector of ∠ACB\angle ACB intersect AB‾\overline{AB} at L.L. The line through CC and LL intersects the circumscribed circle of △ABC\triangle ABC at the two points CC and D.D. If LI=2LI = 2 and LD=3,LD = 3, then IC=pq,IC = \frac{p}{q}, where pp and qq are relatively prime positive integers. Find p+q.p + q.

答案:13
知识点:内切圆、内心与内切圆半径导角相似
难度评级:2560
小提示:

通过追角证明 ∠DAI=∠DIA\angle DAI = \angle DIA,所以 DA=DI=5DA = DI = 5

Show ∠DAI=∠DIA\angle DAI = \angle DIA by angle chasing, so DA=DI=5DA = DI = 5

大提示:

三角形 DALDAL 和 DCADCA 共有角 DD,且 ∠DAL=∠DCA\angle DAL = \angle DCA,所以 DC=DA2DLDC = \frac{DA^2}{DL}

Triangles DALDAL and DCADCA share angle DD and have ∠DAL=∠DCA,\angle DAL = \angle DCA, so DC=DA2DLDC = \frac{DA^2}{DL}

解答:

内心 II 位于角平分线 CL‾\overline{CL} 上,并在 CC 与 LL 之间。在三角形 ACIACI 中,点 II 处的外角给出 ∠DIA=∠IAC+∠ICA\angle DIA = \angle IAC + \angle ICA。另一方面,∠DAB=∠DCB\angle DAB = \angle DCB(二者都对弧 DBDB),并且 ∠DCB=∠ICA\angle DCB = \angle ICA(角平分线),所以 ∠DAI=∠DAB+∠BAI=∠ICA+∠IAC=∠DIA。 \begin{aligned} \angle DAI &= \angle DAB \\ &\quad {}+ \angle BAI \\ &= \angle ICA + \angle IAC \\ &= \angle DIA \end{aligned}\text{。}因此三角形 DAIDAI 为等腰三角形,DA=DI=DL+LI=5DA = DI = DL + LI = 5。

三角形 DALDAL 和 DCADCA 在 DD 处有公共角,且 ∠DAL=∠DAB=∠DCB\angle DAL = \angle DAB = \angle DCB =∠DCA= \angle DCA,所以它们相似。因此 DADC=DLDA\frac{DA}{DC} = \frac{DL}{DA},得到 DC=DA2DL=253DC = \frac{DA^2}{DL} = \frac{25}{3}。

最后 IC=DC−DI=253−5=103IC = DC - DI = \frac{25}{3} - 5 = \frac{10}{3},所以 p+q=10+3=13p + q = 10 + 3 = 13。

The incenter II lies on the bisector CL‾,\overline{CL}, between CC and L.L. In triangle ACI,ACI, the exterior angle at II gives ∠DIA=∠IAC+∠ICA.\angle DIA = \angle IAC + \angle ICA. On the other hand, ∠DAB=∠DCB\angle DAB = \angle DCB (both subtend arc DBDB) and ∠DCB=∠ICA\angle DCB = \angle ICA (the bisector), so ∠DAI=∠DAB+∠BAI=∠ICA+∠IAC=∠DIA. \begin{aligned} \angle DAI &= \angle DAB \\ &\quad {}+ \angle BAI \\ &= \angle ICA + \angle IAC \\ &= \angle DIA. \end{aligned} Hence triangle DAIDAI is isosceles with DA=DI=DL+LI=5.DA = DI = DL + LI = 5.

Triangles DALDAL and DCADCA have a common angle at D,D, and ∠DAL=∠DAB=∠DCB\angle DAL = \angle DAB = \angle DCB =∠DCA,= \angle DCA, so they are similar. Therefore DADC=DLDA,\frac{DA}{DC} = \frac{DL}{DA}, giving DC=DA2DL=253.DC = \frac{DA^2}{DL} = \frac{25}{3}.

Finally IC=DC−DI=253−5=103,IC = DC - DI = \frac{25}{3} - 5 = \frac{10}{3}, so p+q=10+3=13.p + q = 10 + 3 = 13.

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