2006 AIME II 第 6 题

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6.

正方形 ABCDABCD 的边长为 11。点 EE 和 FF 分别在 BC‾\overline{BC} 和 CD‾\overline{CD} 上,使得 △AEF\triangle AEF 是等边三角形。一个以 BB 为顶点的正方形的边与 ABCDABCD 的边平行,且有一个顶点在 AE‾\overline{AE} 上。这个小正方形的边长为 a−bc\frac{a - \sqrt{b}}{c},其中 aa、bb、cc 是正整数,且 bb 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 a+b+ca + b + c。

Square ABCDABCD has sides of length 1.1. Points EE and FF are on BC‾\overline{BC} and CD‾,\overline{CD}, respectively, so that △AEF\triangle AEF is equilateral. A square with vertex BB has sides that are parallel to those of ABCDABCD and a vertex on AE‾.\overline{AE}. The length of a side of this smaller square is a−bc,\frac{a - \sqrt{b}}{c}, where a,a, b,b, and cc are positive integers and bb is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find a+b+c.a + b + c.

答案:12
知识点:等边三角形正方形(几何)坐标几何
难度评级:2510
小提示:

若 BE=tBE = t,等边条件 AE=EFAE = EF 给出 1+t2=2(1−t)21 + t^2 = 2(1 - t)^2,所以 t=2−3t = 2 - \sqrt{3}。

If BE=t,BE = t, the equilateral condition AE=EFAE = EF gives 1+t2=2(1−t)2,1 + t^2 = 2(1 - t)^2, so t=2−3.t = 2 - \sqrt{3}.

大提示:

将 AA 放在原点,直线 AEAE 为 y=(2−3)xy = (2 - \sqrt{3})x,小正方形的远端顶点 (1−q,q)(1 - q, q) 必须落在这条直线上。

With AA at the origin, line AEAE is y=(2−3)x,y = (2 - \sqrt{3})x, and the small square’s far corner (1−q,q)(1 - q, q) must lie on it.

解答:

设 A=(0,0)A = (0, 0),B=(1,0)B = (1, 0),C=(1,1)C = (1, 1),D=(0,1)D = (0, 1)。由等边三角形关于对角线 AC‾\overline{AC} 的对称性,有 BE=DFBE = DF。令 BE=tBE = t,则 CE=CF=1−tCE = CF = 1 - t。于是 AE2=1+t2AE^2 = 1 + t^2,EF2=2(1−t)2EF^2 = 2(1 - t)^2,令二者相等得到 t2−4t+1=0t^2 - 4t + 1 = 0,所以 t=2−3t = 2 - \sqrt{3}(取小于 11 的根)。

因此 E=(1, 2−3)E = (1,\, 2 - \sqrt{3}),直线 AEAE 为 y=(2−3)xy = (2 - \sqrt{3})x。若小正方形的边长为 qq,则它与 BB 相对的顶点是 (1−q, q)(1 - q,\, q),该点必须在直线 AEAE 上:q=(2−3)(1−q)⟹q=2−33−3=(2−3)(3+3)6=3−36。 \begin{aligned} q &= (2 - \sqrt{3})(1 - q) \\ &\Longrightarrow q = \frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{3 - \sqrt{3}} \\ &= \frac{(2 - \sqrt{3})(3 + \sqrt{3})}{6} \\ &= \frac{3 - \sqrt{3}}{6} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以 a=3a = 3,b=3b = 3,c=6c = 6,且 a+b+c=12a + b + c = 12。

Place A=(0,0),A = (0, 0), B=(1,0),B = (1, 0), C=(1,1),C = (1, 1), D=(0,1).D = (0, 1). By the symmetry of the equilateral triangle across diagonal AC‾,\overline{AC}, we have BE=DF.BE = DF. Let BE=t,BE = t, so CE=CF=1−t.CE = CF = 1 - t. Then AE2=1+t2AE^2 = 1 + t^2 and EF2=2(1−t)2,EF^2 = 2(1 - t)^2, and setting them equal gives t2−4t+1=0,t^2 - 4t + 1 = 0, so t=2−3t = 2 - \sqrt{3} (taking the root less than 11).

Thus E=(1, 2−3),E = (1,\, 2 - \sqrt{3}), and line AEAE is y=(2−3)x.y = (2 - \sqrt{3})x. If the smaller square has side q,q, its vertex opposite BB is (1−q, q),(1 - q,\, q), which must lie on line AE:AE: q=(2−3)(1−q)⟹q=2−33−3=(2−3)(3+3)6=3−36. \begin{aligned} q &= (2 - \sqrt{3})(1 - q) \\ &\Longrightarrow q = \frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{3 - \sqrt{3}} \\ &= \frac{(2 - \sqrt{3})(3 + \sqrt{3})}{6} \\ &= \frac{3 - \sqrt{3}}{6}. \end{aligned}

So a=3,a = 3, b=3,b = 3, c=6,c = 6, and a+b+c=12.a + b + c = 12.

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