2026 AIME I 第 6 题

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6.

满足方程xlog2026x20=26x\sqrt[20]{x^{\log_{2026} x}} = 26x的所有正实数 xx 的乘积是一个整数 PP。求 PP 的正整数因数个数。

The product of all positive real numbers xx satisfying the equation xlog2026x20=26x\sqrt[20]{x^{\log_{2026} x}} = 26x is an integer P.P. Find the number of positive integer divisors of P.P.

答案:441
知识点:对数二次方程韦达定理因数个数
难度评级:2300
小提示:

t=log2026xt = \log_{2026} x,并对两边取 log2026\log_{2026},得到关于 tt 的二次方程

Set t=log2026xt = \log_{2026} x and take log2026\log_{2026} of both sides to get a quadratic in tt

大提示:

两个根满足 t1+t2=20t_1 + t_2 = 20,所以解 xx 的乘积就是 20262026 的这个次方;分解 20262026

The two roots satisfy t1+t2=20,t_1 + t_2 = 20, so the product of the solutions xx is 20262026 raised to that power; factor 20262026

解答:

t=log2026xt = \log_{2026} x。对两边取 log2026\log_{2026},原方程也就是 xlog2026x20=26xx^{\frac{\log_{2026} x}{20}} = 26x,于是t220=log202626+t\frac{t^2}{20} = \log_{2026} 26 + t\text{,}t220t20log202626=0t^2 - 20t - 20\log_{2026} 26 = 0\text{。}判别式 400+80log202626400 + 80\log_{2026} 26 为正,所以有两个实根 t1,t2t_1, t_2,每个都给出一个有效正解 x=2026tx = 2026^{t}

由 Vieta 公式,t1+t2=20t_1 + t_2 = 20,所以这些解的乘积为 2026t12026t2=2026202026^{t_1} \cdot 2026^{t_2} = 2026^{20}。由于 2026=210132026 = 2 \cdot 1013,且 10131013 为质数,P=220101320P = 2^{20} \cdot 1013^{20}2121=44121 \cdot 21 = 441 个正因数。

Let t=log2026x.t = \log_{2026} x. Taking log2026\log_{2026} of both sides of xlog2026x20=26xx^{\frac{\log_{2026} x}{20}} = 26x gives t220=log202626+t,\frac{t^2}{20} = \log_{2026} 26 + t, that is t220t20log202626=0.t^2 - 20t - 20\log_{2026} 26 = 0. The discriminant 400+80log202626400 + 80\log_{2026} 26 is positive, so there are two real roots t1,t2,t_1, t_2, each giving a valid positive solution x=2026t.x = 2026^{t}.

By Vieta’s formulas t1+t2=20,t_1 + t_2 = 20, so the product of the solutions is 2026t12026t2=202620.2026^{t_1} \cdot 2026^{t_2} = 2026^{20}. Since 2026=210132026 = 2 \cdot 1013 and 10131013 is prime, P=220101320P = 2^{20} \cdot 1013^{20} has 2121=44121 \cdot 21 = 441 positive divisors.

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