1992 AIME 第 6 题

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6.

{1000,1001,1002,,2000}\{1000,1001,1002,\ldots,2000\} 中,有多少对连续整数在相加时不需要进位?

For how many pairs of consecutive integers in {1000,1001,1002,,2000}\{1000,1001,1002,\ldots,2000\} is no carrying required when the two integers are added?

答案:156
知识点:数字分类讨论整数运算
难度评级:1780
小提示:

将较小的整数写成 1abc1abc,并按末尾连续出现的数字 99 的个数分类

Write the smaller integer as 1abc1abc and separate cases by the number of trailing 99s

大提示:

未发生变化的数位至多为 44,而增加了 11 的数位相加时也不能产生进位

A digit that is unchanged must be at most 44, and the digit increased by 11 must also pair without a carry

解答:

将较小的数写成 1abc1abc。若 c9c\neq9,则 c4c\leq4,且未变化的数位 aabb 都至多为 44,共有 53=1255^3=125 对。若 c=9c=9b9b\neq9,则 a4a\leq4b4b\leq4,共有 2525 对。若 b=c=9b=c=9a9a\neq9,则共有 55aa 的选择。最后,1999+20001999+2000 也不需要进位。因此总数为 125+25+5+1=156125+25+5+1=156

Write the smaller number as 1abc.1abc. If c9,c\neq9, then c4c\leq4 and the unchanged digits aa and bb are each at most 4,4, giving 53=1255^3=125 pairs. If c=9c=9 but b9,b\neq9, then a4a\leq4 and b4,b\leq4, giving 2525 pairs. If b=c=9b=c=9 but a9,a\neq9, there are 55 choices for a.a. Finally, 1999+20001999+2000 also needs no carry. The total is 125+25+5+1=156.125+25+5+1=156.

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