1992 AIME 第 5 题

先试着解答 1992 AIME 第 5 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1992 AIME 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

5.

SS 是所有有理数 rr 组成的集合,其中 0<r<10\lt r\lt1,且具有如下循环小数表示:0.abcabcabc=0.abc0.abcabcabc\ldots=0.\overline{abc}\text{,}这里的数字 aabbcc 不一定互不相同。将 SS 中的元素都写成最简分数时,一共需要多少个不同的分子?

Let SS be the set of all rational numbers r,r, 0<r<1,0\lt r\lt1, that have a repeating decimal expansion in the form 0.abcabcabc=0.abc,0.abcabcabc\ldots=0.\overline{abc}, where the digits a,a, b,b, and cc are not necessarily distinct. To write the elements of SS as fractions in lowest terms, how many different numerators are required?

答案:660
知识点:循环小数最大公约数欧拉函数
难度评级:2320
小提示:

每个元素都形如 N999\frac{N}{999},其约分后的分母一定整除 999=3337999=3^3\cdot37

Every element has the form N999\frac{N}{999}, and its reduced denominator must divide 999=3337999=3^3\cdot37

大提示:

先数出与 999999 互质的分子,再检查还有哪些 33 的倍数能以 3737 为分母

Count numerators coprime to 999999, then check which additional multiples of 33 can occur with denominator 3737

解答:

每个元素都可写成 N999\frac{N}{999},其中 1N9981\leq N\leq998。若 aa999999 互质,它就会作为分母为 999999 的最简分数的分子出现,共有 φ(999)=648\varphi(999)=648 个。若 aa 能被 33 整除但不能被 3737 整除,则它只有在约分后的分母为 3737 时才可能与分母互质;这又加入了 121233 的倍数,它们都小于 3737。若分子能被 3737 整除,则分母必须既整除 2727 又大于该分子,这是不可能的。因此没有其他分子,所求总数为 648+12=660648+12=660

Every element is N999\frac{N}{999} for 1N998.1\leq N\leq998. Any aa coprime to 999999 occurs as a reduced numerator with denominator 999,999, giving φ(999)=648\varphi(999)=648 values. If aa is divisible by 33 but not 37,37, it can be coprime to a reduced denominator only when that denominator is 37;37; this adds the 1212 multiples of 33 below 37.37. A numerator divisible by 3737 would need a denominator dividing 2727 and larger than it, so no further values occur. Therefore the total is 648+12=660.648+12=660.

← 第 4 题#4
完整试卷

其他年份的第 5 题