1983 AIME 第 5 题

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5.

设两个复数 xxyy 的平方和为 77,立方和为 1010x+yx+y 能取得的最大实数值是多少?

Suppose that the sum of the squares of two complex numbers xx and yy is 77 and the sum of the cubes is 10.10. What is the largest real value that x+yx+y can have?

答案:4
知识点:复数对称性(代数)因式分解
难度评级:2390
小提示:

s=x+ys=x+yp=xyp=xy

Let s=x+ys=x+y and p=xyp=xy

大提示:

利用 x2+y2=s22px^2+y^2=s^2-2p 消去 pp,并代入 x3+y3=s33psx^3+y^3=s^3-3ps

Use x2+y2=s22px^2+y^2=s^2-2p to eliminate pp from x3+y3=s33psx^3+y^3=s^3-3ps

解答:

s=x+ys=x+yp=xyp=xy。由 x2+y2=s22p=7x^2+y^2=s^2-2p=7 可得 p=s272p=\frac{s^2-7}{2}。此外,10=x3+y3=s33ps=s33s(s27)2 \begin{aligned} 10&=x^3+y^3\\ &=s^3-3ps\\ &=s^3-\frac{3s(s^2-7)}2 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 s321s+20=0,(s1)(s4)(s+5)=0 \begin{aligned} s^3-21s+20&=0,\\ (s-1)(s-4)(s+5)&=0 \end{aligned}\text{。}每个根都对应于二次方程 t2st+p=0t^2-st+p=0 的一对可能复根,所以 s=x+ys=x+y 能取得的最大实数值为 44

Let s=x+ys=x+y and p=xy.p=xy. From x2+y2=s22p=7,x^2+y^2=s^2-2p=7, we get p=s272.p=\frac{s^2-7}{2}. Also, 10=x3+y3=s33ps=s33s(s27)2. \begin{aligned} 10&=x^3+y^3\\ &=s^3-3ps\\ &=s^3-\frac{3s(s^2-7)}2. \end{aligned} Hence s321s+20=0,(s1)(s4)(s+5)=0. \begin{aligned} s^3-21s+20&=0,\\ (s-1)(s-4)(s+5)&=0. \end{aligned} Each root gives a possible pair of complex roots of t2st+p=0,t^2-st+p=0, so the largest real possible value of s=x+ys=x+y is 4.4.

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