2019 AIME II Problem 5
Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 5 of the 2019 AIME II, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2019 AIME II solutions, or check the answer key.
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Difficulty rating: 2650
5.
Four ambassadors and one advisor for each of them are to be seated at a round table with chairs numbered in order to Each ambassador must sit in an even-numbered chair. Each advisor must sit in a chair adjacent to his or her ambassador. There are ways for the people to be seated at the table under these conditions. Find the remainder when is divided by
Solution:
The six even chairs form a cycle (chair is adjacent to chair ), and each odd chair lies between two consecutive even chairs. The ambassadors occupy of the even chairs, and each advisor must take one of the two odd chairs flanking their ambassador, with all choices distinct. For a maximal block of consecutive occupied even chairs, the occupants choose among the odd chairs touching the block; recording each choice as left or right, a conflict occurs exactly when someone picks right and their neighbor picks left, so the valid patterns are the strings of s followed by s: of them.
Now case on the two empty even chairs among the six positions. If they are adjacent ( ways), the occupied chairs form one block of giving patterns. If they are separated by one chair ( ways), the blocks have sizes and giving patterns. If they are opposite ( ways), the blocks have sizes and giving patterns. The number of seat configurations is
Finally, the four ambassador-advisor pairs can be assigned to the four chosen even chairs in ways, so and the remainder modulo is
Problem 5 in Other Years
1997 AIME · 1998 AIME · 1999 AIME · 2000 AIME I · 2000 AIME II · 2001 AIME I · 2001 AIME II · 2002 AIME I · 2002 AIME II · 2003 AIME I · 2003 AIME II · 2004 AIME I · 2004 AIME II · 2005 AIME I · 2005 AIME II · 2006 AIME I · 2006 AIME II · 2007 AIME I · 2007 AIME II · 2008 AIME I · 2008 AIME II · 2009 AIME I · 2009 AIME II · 2010 AIME I · 2010 AIME II · 2011 AIME I · 2011 AIME II · 2012 AIME I · 2012 AIME II · 2013 AIME I · 2013 AIME II · 2014 AIME I · 2014 AIME II · 2015 AIME I · 2015 AIME II · 2016 AIME I · 2016 AIME II · 2017 AIME I · 2017 AIME II · 2018 AIME I · 2018 AIME II · 2019 AIME I · 2020 AIME I · 2020 AIME II · 2021 AIME I · 2021 AIME II · 2022 AIME I · 2022 AIME II · 2023 AIME I · 2023 AIME II · 2024 AIME I · 2024 AIME II · 2025 AIME I · 2025 AIME II · 2026 AIME I · 2026 AIME II