2002 AIME I 第 3 题

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3.

Jane 今年 2525 岁。Dick 比 Jane 年长。再过 nn 年,其中 nn 是正整数, Dick 和 Jane 的年龄都将是两位数,并且 Jane 的年龄可以由 Dick 的年龄交换两个数字得到。 令 dd 为 Dick 现在的年龄。有多少个正整数有序对 (d,n)(d, n) 是可能的?

Jane is 2525 years old. Dick is older than Jane. In nn years, where nn is a positive integer, Dick's age and Jane's age will both be two-digit numbers and will have the property that Jane's age is obtained by interchanging the digits of Dick's age. Let dd be Dick's present age. How many ordered pairs of positive integers (d,n)(d, n) are possible?

答案:25
知识点:数字年龄问题系统列举
难度评级:2300
解答:

再过 nn 年,Jane 的年龄为 25+n25 + n,Dick 的年龄是它的数字反转。若 Jane 未来的年龄为 10a+b10a + b,则 Dick 的年龄为 10b+a10b + a,它更大当且仅当 b>ab \gt a。反过来,只要两位数 25+n25 + n 的十位数字小于个位数字,就会给出唯一有效的有序对:n=10a+b25n = 10a + b - 25,且 d=10b+and = 10b + a - n =25+9(ba)>25= 25 + 9(b - a) \gt 25,所以 Dick 现在确实比 Jane 年长。

因此只需数不小于 2626、且十位数字小于个位数字的两位数:以 22 开头的有 44 个(即 26262929),以 3388 开头的个数依次为 665544332211。总数为 4+6+5+4+3+2+1=254 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 25

In nn years Jane's age is 25+n,25 + n, and Dick's age is its digit reversal. If Jane's future age is 10a+b,10a + b, Dick's is 10b+a,10b + a, which is larger exactly when b>a.b \gt a. Conversely, every two-digit value of 25+n25 + n with tens digit less than units digit yields exactly one valid pair: n=10a+b25n = 10a + b - 25 and d=10b+and = 10b + a - n =25+9(ba)>25,= 25 + 9(b - a) \gt 25, so Dick is indeed older than Jane now.

So we count two-digit numbers that are at least 2626 and have tens digit less than units digit: 44 starting with 22 (namely 2626 through 2929), then 6,6, 5,5, 4,4, 3,3, 2,2, 11 starting with 33 through 8.8. The total is 4+6+5+4+3+2+1=25.4 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 25.

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