1998 AIME 第 3 题

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3.

方程 y2+2xy+40x=400y^2 + 2xy + 40|x| = 400 的图像把平面分成若干区域。求有界区域的面积。

The graph of y2+2xy+40x=400y^2 + 2xy + 40|x| = 400 partitions the plane into several regions. What is the area of the bounded region?

答案:800
知识点:绝对值坐标几何因式分解平行四边形
难度评级:2340
解答:

x0x \ge 0 时,把方程改写为 2x(y+20)2x(y + 20) =400y2= 400 - y^2 =(20y)(20+y)= (20 - y)(20 + y),所以 y=20y = -20y=202xy = 20 - 2x。当 x0x \le 0 时,方程变为 2x(y20)=(y20)(y+20)2x(y - 20) = -(y - 20)(y + 20),所以 y=20y = 20y=202xy = -20 - 2x。因此图像由两条水平射线和两条斜率为 2-2 的射线组成。

这些射线围成一个平行四边形:上边从 (20,20)(-20, 20)(0,20)(0, 20),在 y=20y = 20 上;下边从 (0,20)(0, -20)(20,20)(20, -20),在 y=20y = -20 上;两条斜率为 2-2 的斜边把它们连接起来。

这个平行四边形的水平底为 2020,两条直线 y=20y = 20y=20y = -20 之间的高为 4040,所以面积为 2040=80020 \cdot 40 = 800

For x0x \ge 0 rewrite the equation as 2x(y+20)2x(y + 20) =400y2= 400 - y^2 =(20y)(20+y),= (20 - y)(20 + y), so either y=20y = -20 or y=202x.y = 20 - 2x. For x0x \le 0 it becomes 2x(y20)=(y20)(y+20),2x(y - 20) = -(y - 20)(y + 20), so either y=20y = 20 or y=202x.y = -20 - 2x. The graph therefore consists of two horizontal rays and two rays of slope 2.-2.

These rays bound a parallelogram: the top edge runs from (20,20)(-20, 20) to (0,20)(0, 20) along y=20,y = 20, the bottom edge from (0,20)(0, -20) to (20,20)(20, -20) along y=20,y = -20, and the two slanted edges of slope 2-2 connect them.

The parallelogram has horizontal base 2020 and height 4040 between the lines y=20y = 20 and y=20,y = -20, so its area is 2040=800.20 \cdot 40 = 800.

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