1994 AIME 第 13 题

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13.

方程 x10+(13x−1)10=0x^{10}+(13x-1)^{10}=0 有 1010 个复根 r1r_1、r1‾\overline{r_1}、r2r_2、r2‾\overline{r_2}、r3r_3、r3‾\overline{r_3}、r4r_4、r4‾\overline{r_4}、r5r_5、r5‾\overline{r_5},其中上横线表示复共轭。求下式的值:1r1r1‾+1r2r2‾+1r3r3‾+1r4r4‾+1r5r5‾。\begin{aligned}&\frac1{r_1\overline{r_1}}+\frac1{r_2\overline{r_2}}+\frac1{r_3\overline{r_3}}\\&\quad+\frac1{r_4\overline{r_4}}+\frac1{r_5\overline{r_5}}\end{aligned}\text{。}

The equation x10+(13x−1)10=0x^{10}+(13x-1)^{10}=0 has 1010 complex roots r1,r_1, r1‾,\overline{r_1}, r2,r_2, r2‾,\overline{r_2}, r3,r_3, r3‾,\overline{r_3}, r4,r_4, r4‾,\overline{r_4}, r5,r_5, r5‾,\overline{r_5}, where the bar denotes complex conjugation. Find the value of 1r1r1‾+1r2r2‾+1r3r3‾+1r4r4‾+1r5r5‾.\begin{aligned}&\frac1{r_1\overline{r_1}}+\frac1{r_2\overline{r_2}}+\frac1{r_3\overline{r_3}}\\&\quad+\frac1{r_4\overline{r_4}}+\frac1{r_5\overline{r_5}}.\end{aligned}

答案:850
知识点:单位根复数求和
难度评级:2650
小提示:

令 x13x−1=ζ\frac{x}{13x-1}=\zeta,其中 ζ10=−1\zeta^{10}=-1

Set x13x−1=ζ,\frac{x}{13x-1}=\zeta, where ζ10=−1\zeta^{10}=-1

大提示:

将 1∣x∣2\frac{1}{|x|^2} 用 ζ+ζ‾\zeta+\overline\zeta 表示,再对五对共轭根求和

Express 1∣x∣2\frac{1}{|x|^2} in terms of ζ+ζ‾\zeta+\overline\zeta and sum over the five conjugate pairs

解答:

令 ζ=x13x−1\zeta=\frac{x}{13x-1},则 ζ10=−1\zeta^{10}=-1,并且 x=ζ13ζ−1,1x=13−ζ−1。\begin{aligned}x&=\frac{\zeta}{13\zeta-1},\\\frac1x&=13-\zeta^{-1}\end{aligned}\text{。}由于 ∣ζ∣=1|\zeta|=1,1∣x∣2=∣13−ζ−1∣2=170−13(ζ+ζ‾)。\begin{aligned}\frac1{|x|^2}&=|13-\zeta^{-1}|^2\\&=170-13(\zeta+\overline\zeta)\end{aligned}\text{。}从每对共轭根中取一个值求和,得到 5⋅1705\cdot170,再减去 1313 乘以 z10+1z^{10}+1 的全部十个根之和;这个根之和为 00。所求值为 850850。

Let ζ=x13x−1,\zeta=\frac{x}{13x-1}, so ζ10=−1\zeta^{10}=-1 and x=ζ13ζ−1,1x=13−ζ−1.\begin{aligned}x&=\frac{\zeta}{13\zeta-1},\\\frac1x&=13-\zeta^{-1}.\end{aligned} Since ∣ζ∣=1,|\zeta|=1, 1∣x∣2=∣13−ζ−1∣2=170−13(ζ+ζ‾).\begin{aligned}\frac1{|x|^2}&=|13-\zeta^{-1}|^2\\&=170-13(\zeta+\overline\zeta).\end{aligned} Summing one value for each of the five conjugate pairs gives 5⋅1705\cdot170 minus 1313 times the sum of all ten roots of z10+1,z^{10}+1, which is 0.0. The requested value is 850.850.

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