1974 AMC 12 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
若 ,也不等于 ,且 ,也不等于 ,则 等价于
If or and or then is equivalent to
以上皆非
none of these
2.
设 和 满足 ,且 ,其中 、。则 等于
Let and be such that and Then equals
小提示:
这两个数满足同一个二次方程
Both given numbers satisfy the same quadratic equation
大提示:
将 移到左边,再使用根的和公式
Move to the left and use the sum-of-roots formula
解答:
两个不同的数 是方程 的两个根。由韦达定理,它们的和为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The distinct numbers are the two roots of By Vieta’s formulas, their sum is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
3.
多项式 展开式中 的系数是
The coefficient of in the polynomial expansion of is
以上皆非
none of these
小提示:
要得到次数为 的项,四个因子中所选项的次数必须为 、、、
A degree- term must select degrees from the four factors
大提示:
选出贡献 的那个因子,其余三个因子都贡献
Choose which factor contributes ; the other three contribute
解答:
四个所选项的总次数为 的唯一方式,是选一次 和三次 。贡献一次项的因子有 种选法,所以系数为
因此,正确答案是 A。
The only way four selected terms can have total degree is to choose once and three times. There are choices for the first factor, so the coefficient is
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
4.
5.
四边形 内接于一个圆,边 越过 延长至点 。若 ,且 ,求 。
Given a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle with side extended beyond to point if and find
小提示:
圆内接四边形的对角互补
Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary
大提示:
所求外角也与 互补
The desired exterior angle is also supplementary to
解答:
因为 是圆内接四边形,所以 。又因为 是 的延长线,所以也有 。因此 已知的 角无需使用。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Because is cyclic, Since extends as well. Hence The given angle is unnecessary.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
6.
对正实数 和 ,定义 ,则
For positive real numbers and define then
运算“”满足交换律,但不满足结合律
“” is commutative but not associative
运算“”满足结合律,但不满足交换律
“” is associative but not commutative
运算“”既不满足交换律,也不满足结合律
“” is neither commutative nor associative
运算“”既满足交换律,也满足结合律
“” is commutative and associative
以上皆非
none of these
小提示:
交换 与 后,公式显然不变
The formula is visibly unchanged when and are interchanged
大提示:
用倒数改写该运算:
Rewrite the operation through its reciprocal:
解答:
公式关于 、 对称,因此该运算满足交换律。此外,所以 和 的倒数都是 ,故两者相等。该运算也满足结合律。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Symmetry in makes the operation commutative. Also, Thus both and have reciprocal so they are equal. The operation is associative too.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
7.
某镇人口先增加 人,随后新人口数减少了 。此时人口比增加 人之前少 人。该镇原有人口是多少?
A town’s population increased by people, and then this new population decreased by The town now had less people than it did before the increase. What is the original population?
以上皆非
none of these
8.
能整除 的最小质数是多少?
What is the smallest prime number dividing the sum
以上皆非
none of these
小提示:
两个底数都是奇数
Both bases are odd
大提示:
两个奇数之和能被最小的质数整除
The sum of two odd integers is divisible by the smallest prime
解答:
和 都是奇数,所以它们的和是偶数。因此,这个和能被最小的质数 整除。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Both and are odd, so their sum is even. Hence it is divisible by the smallest prime.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
9.
大于一的整数按如下方式排列成五列:
(每行出现四个连续整数;在第一、第三及其他奇数行中,整数位于后四列,并从左到右递增;在第二、第四及其他偶数行中,整数位于前四列,并从右到左递增。)
数 将位于哪一列?
The integers greater than one are arranged in five columns as follows:
(Four consecutive integers appear in each row; in the first, third and other odd numbered rows, the integers appear in the last four columns and increase from left to right; in the second, fourth and other even numbered rows, the integers appear in the first four columns and increase from right to left.)
In which column will the number fall?
第一列
first
第二列
second
第三列
third
第四列
fourth
第五列
fifth
小提示:
观察图中所示的 的倍数位于何处
Look at where the displayed multiples of occur
大提示:
每个两行的循环包含八个连续整数
Each two-row cycle contains eight consecutive integers
解答:
每两行构成一个包含八个整数的重复区块。在每个区块中,其中的 的倍数都位于第二列,正如 和 一样。由于 ,它也位于第二列。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Each pair of rows is a repeating block of eight integers. In every such block, its multiple of lies in the second column, as do and Since it also lies in the second column.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
10.
使方程 没有实根的最小整数 是多少?
What is the smallest integral value of such that has no real roots?
小提示:
先将方程改写为标准二次方程形式
First rewrite the equation in standard quadratic form
大提示:
没有实根意味着判别式为负
No real roots means the discriminant is negative
解答:
方程可写成 。其判别式为 当且仅当 时,判别式为负,所以满足条件的最小整数是 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The equation is Its discriminant is This is negative exactly when so the least integer possible is
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
11.
若 和 是直线 上的两点,则 与 之间的距离用 、 和 表示为
If and are two points on the line whose equation is then the distance between and in terms of and is
12.
13.
以下哪一项与“若 为真,则 为假”等价?
Which of the following is equivalent to “If is true then is false”?
“ 为真,或 为假。”
“ is true or is false.”
“若 为假,则 为真。”
“If is false then is true.”
“若 为假,则 为真。”
“If is false then is true.”
“若 为真,则 为假。”
“If is true then is false.”
“若 为真,则 为真。”
“If is true then is true.”
答案:D
小提示:
一个命题与其逆否命题等价
An implication is equivalent to its contrapositive
大提示:
将蕴含方向反转,并分别否定“ 为真”和“ 为假”
Reverse the implication and negate both “ true” and “ false”
解答:
“ 为真蕴含 为假”的逆否命题是“ 不为假蕴含 不为真”。这正是“若 为真,则 为假”。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The contrapositive of “ true implies false” is “ not false implies not true.” This is exactly “If is true then is false.”
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
14.
以下哪个命题正确?
Which statement is correct?
若 ,则 。
If then
若 ,则 。
If then
若 ,则 。
If then
若 ,则 。
If then
若 ,则 。
If then
小提示:
当 为负数时,先比较 与零
For a negative compare first with zero
大提示:
用 、 和 等简单数值即可否定其余命题
Simple test values such as and reject the other implications
解答:
若 ,则 ,所以选项 A 恒成立。分别取 、、 和 ,即可否定 B、C、D 和 E。
因此,正确答案是 A。
If then so choice A always holds. The values and respectively disprove B, C, D, and E.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
15.
16.
半径为 的圆内切于一个等腰直角三角形,半径为 的圆外接于该三角形。则 等于
A circle of radius is inscribed in a right isosceles triangle, and a circle of radius is circumscribed about the triangle. Then equals
答案:A
小提示:
设每条直角边长为 ,用 表示两个半径
Let each leg have length and express both radii in terms of
大提示:
对直角三角形,外接圆半径是斜边的一半;内切圆半径为
For a right triangle, the circumradius is half the hypotenuse; the inradius is
解答:
两条直角边长均为 ,斜边长为 ,所以 因此
因此,正确答案是 A。
With both legs of length and hypotenuse Therefore
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
17.
若 ,则 等于
If then equals
18.
若 ,且 ,则用 和 表示的 等于
If and then, in terms of and equals
答案:D
小提示:
将所有对数都换成以 为底
Convert every logarithm to base
大提示:
已知条件可推出 和
The givens imply and
解答:
由 可得 。因此 又因为 ,所以
因此,正确答案是 D。
From Therefore Since
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
19.
在附图中, 是正方形, 是等边三角形。若 的面积为一平方英寸,则 的面积(以平方英寸为单位)为
In the adjoining figure is a square and is an equilateral triangle. If the area of is one square inch, then the area of in square inches is
小提示:
正方形边长为 ;令 ,这可由比较相等的边 与 得到
The square has side set by comparing the equal sides and
大提示:
令 与 相等
Equate with
解答:
正方形边长为 。由于 ,比较它们长度的平方可得 。此外,因为 是等边三角形,令两式相等可得 。位于 内的根是 。
三角形边长的平方为 ,所以其面积为
因此,正确答案是 A。
The square has side Since symmetry of their squared lengths gives Also, Equating these because is equilateral gives The root in is
The triangle’s side has square so its area is
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
20.
21.
在一个各项均为正数的等比数列中,第五项与第四项之差为 ,第二项与第一项之差为 。这个数列前五项的和是多少?
In a geometric series of positive terms the difference between the fifth and fourth terms is and the difference between the second and first terms is What is the sum of the first five terms of this series?
以上皆非
none of these
22.
在 取何值时取得最小值?
The minimum value of is attained when is
以上皆非
none of these
小提示:
将正弦项与余弦项合并成一个振幅为 的平移正弦函数
Combine the sine and cosine into one shifted sine with amplitude
大提示:
使用
Use
解答:
令 。则 等于 。当 时取得最小值,所以 其中 为整数。前四个选项都不具有这种形式。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let Then equals Its minimum occurs when so for an integer None of the first four choices has this form.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
23.
在附图中, 与 是半径为 的圆的两条平行切线, 和 为切点。 是第三条切线,切点为 。若 ,且 ,则 为
In the adjoining figure and are parallel tangents to a circle of radius with and the points of tangency. is a third tangent with as point of tangency. If and then is
不同于 、 或 的数
a number other than or
无法由已知信息确定
not determinable from the given information
小提示:
圆心位于同一外点所引两条切线夹角的角平分线上
The center lies on each angle bisector formed by two tangents from the same external point
大提示:
证明 ,并在 处使用直角三角形斜边上高的定理
Show that and use the altitude-to-hypotenuse theorem at
解答:
从每个外点出发,到切点的半径构成全等的直角三角形,所以 与 分别平分两个切线夹角。由于另外两条切线平行,这两个半角之和为 ,因此 。
因此 是斜边 上的高。由同一外点引出的切线段相等,得 和 。由斜边上高的定理,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The radii to the tangency points make congruent right triangles from each external point, so and bisect the two tangent angles. Because the other two tangents are parallel, these half-angles add to hence
Thus is the altitude to the hypotenuse Equal tangent segments give and The altitude theorem yields so
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
24.
将一枚均匀骰子掷六次。至少五次掷出不小于五点的概率为
A fair die is rolled six times. The probability of rolling at least a five at least five times is
以上皆非
none of these
小提示:
将一次符合条件的投掷视为成功,其概率为
A roll is a success with probability
大提示:
将恰好成功五次与恰好成功六次这两个互斥情形的概率相加
Add the disjoint cases of exactly five successes and exactly six successes
解答:
把掷出 或 记为一次成功,其概率为 。所求概率为
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let a success be a or so its probability is The desired probability is
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
25.
在附图的平行四边形 中,直线 平分 于 ,并与 的延长线交于 。从顶点 作直线 ,它平分边 于 ,并与 的延长线交于 。直线 与 相交于 。若平行四边形 的面积为 ,则三角形 的面积等于
In parallelogram of the accompanying diagram, line is drawn bisecting at and meeting (extended) at From vertex line is drawn bisecting side at and meeting (extended) at Lines and meet at If the area of parallelogram is then the area of triangle is equal to
小提示:
取 、、 和
Use and
大提示:
两条中点连线与基线分别交于 和 ;再求 的高度
The midpoint lines meet the baseline at and ; then find ’s height
解答:
选取坐标 、、 和 ,于是 。两个中点为 将 和 延长至 ,可得 和 。
将 与 参数化,可得它们的交点为 。因此 ,从 到基线的高为 ,所以
因此,正确答案是 C。
Choose coordinates and so The midpoints are Extending and to gives and
Parameterizing and shows their intersection is Thus and the height from is so
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
26.
的不同正整数因数中,除去 和 后,共有多少个?
The number of distinct positive integral divisors of excluding and is
以上皆非
none of these
小提示:
将 分解为 、 和 的幂的乘积
Factor into powers of and
大提示:
每个质因数的指数都可独立地从 到 中选择,最后去掉两个因数
Choose each prime exponent independently from through then remove two divisors
解答:
因为 每个因数都可独立选择三个指数,每个指数取自 、、、、。共有 个因数。除去 和 ,还剩 个。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Because a divisor independently chooses each of three exponents from There are divisors. Excluding and leaves
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
27.
若 对所有实数 都成立,则命题:
“ 在 、 且 时恒成立”
在下列何种条件下成立?
If for all real then the statement:
“ whenever and and ”
is true when
该命题永不成立。
The statement is never true.
小提示:
将 用 表示并因式分解
Factor in terms of
大提示:
条件变为 ,且该式在 时恒成立
The condition becomes whenever
解答:
有 若 ,且 ,则 ,符合要求。若 ,则可选取 ,使它严格介于 与 之间,命题便不成立。因此,确切条件是 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
We have If and then as required. If one can choose strictly between and so the statement fails. Thus the exact condition is
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
28.
对所有形如 的数 ,以下哪一项恒成立?其中 为 或 , 为 或 ,, 为 或 。
Which of the following is satisfied by all numbers of the form where is or is or is or
或
or
小提示:
分别考虑 和 两种情形
Separate the cases and
大提示:
用无穷等比数列的尾和 估计其余各项
Bound the remaining terms by the infinite geometric tail
解答:
若 ,则 若 ,则 ,同时 因此,每个这样的 都位于所述两个外侧三等分区间之一。
因此,正确答案是 D。
If then If then while Hence every such lies in one of the two stated outer thirds.
Therefore, the correct answer is D.
29.
对 、、、,令 为一个等差数列前 项的和,其中首项为 ,公差为 。则 等于
For let be the sum of the first terms of the arithmetic progression whose first term is and whose common difference is then is
30.
一条线段被分成两部分,使较短部分与较长部分之比等于较长部分与整条线段之比。若 是较短部分与较长部分之比,则 的值为
A line segment is divided so that the lesser part is to the greater part as the greater part is to the whole. If is the ratio of the lesser part to the greater part, then the value of is
小提示:
将分割条件写成
Translate the division condition into
大提示:
由 推出 ,再从最内层指数向外化简
From derive and simplify from the innermost exponent outward
解答:
将较长部分缩放为 ,则较短部分为 。由条件得 ,所以 因此 从内向外化简,最外层 的指数变为 所以整个表达式为 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Scale the greater part to making the lesser part The condition gives so Consequently Working outward, the exponent of the outer becomes The whole expression is therefore
Therefore, the correct answer is A.