1974 AMC 12 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

x0x\ne0,也不等于 44,且 y0y\ne0,也不等于 66,则 2x+3y=12\frac2x+\frac3y=\frac12 等价于

If x0x\ne0 or 44 and y0y\ne0 or 6,6, then 2x+3y=12\frac2x+\frac3y=\frac12 is equivalent to

4x+3y=xy4x+3y=xy

y=4x6yy=\frac{4x}{6-y}

x2+y3=2\frac{x}{2}+\frac{y}{3}=2

4yy6=x\frac{4y}{y-6}=x

以上皆非

none of these

知识点:分式方程因式分解
难度评级:1330
小提示:

一次消去三个分母

Clear all three denominators at once

大提示:

两边乘以 2xy2xy 后,把含 xx 的项移到同一边并提取公因式

After multiplying by 2xy,2xy, isolate the terms containing xx and factor

解答:

两边乘以 2xy2xy,得 4y+6x=xy4y+6x=xy,所以 4y=x(y6)4y=x(y-6)。由于 y6y\ne6x=4yy6 x=\frac{4y}{y-6}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Multiplying by 2xy2xy gives 4y+6x=xy,4y+6x=xy, so 4y=x(y6).4y=x(y-6). Since y6,y\ne6, x=4yy6. x=\frac{4y}{y-6}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

2.

x1x_1x2x_2 满足 x1x2x_1\ne x_2,且 3xi2hxi=b3x_i^2-hx_i=b,其中 i=1i=122。则 x1+x2x_1+x_2 等于

Let x1x_1 and x2x_2 be such that x1x2x_1\ne x_2 and 3xi2hxi=b,3x_i^2-hx_i=b, i=1,i=1, 2.2. Then x1+x2x_1+x_2 equals

h3-\frac h3

h3\frac h3

b3\frac b3

2b2b

b3-\frac b3

难度评级:1410
小提示:

这两个数满足同一个二次方程

Both given numbers satisfy the same quadratic equation

大提示:

bb 移到左边,再使用根的和公式

Move bb to the left and use the sum-of-roots formula

解答:

两个不同的数 x1,x2x_1,x_2 是方程 3x2hxb=0 3x^2-hx-b=0 的两个根。由韦达定理,它们的和为 (h)3=h3-\frac{(-h)}{3}=\frac{h}{3}

因此,正确答案是 B

The distinct numbers x1,x2x_1,x_2 are the two roots of 3x2hxb=0. 3x^2-hx-b=0. By Vieta’s formulas, their sum is (h)3=h3.-\frac{(-h)}{3}=\frac{h}{3}.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

3.

多项式 (1+2xx2)4 (1+2x-x^2)^4 展开式中 x7x^7 的系数是

The coefficient of x7x^7 in the polynomial expansion of (1+2xx2)4 (1+2x-x^2)^4 is

8-8

1212

66

12-12

以上皆非

none of these

难度评级:1830
小提示:

要得到次数为 77 的项,四个因子中所选项的次数必须为 22222211

A degree-77 term must select degrees 2,2, 2,2, 2,2, 11 from the four factors

大提示:

选出贡献 2x2x 的那个因子,其余三个因子都贡献 x2-x^2

Choose which factor contributes 2x2x; the other three contribute x2-x^2

解答:

四个所选项的总次数为 77 的唯一方式,是选一次 2x2x 和三次 x2-x^2。贡献一次项的因子有 44 种选法,所以系数为 4(2)(1)3=8 4(2)(-1)^3=-8\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

The only way four selected terms can have total degree 77 is to choose 2x2x once and x2-x^2 three times. There are 44 choices for the first factor, so the coefficient is 4(2)(1)3=8. 4(2)(-1)^3=-8.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

4.

x51+51x^{51}+51 除以 x+1x+1 的余数是多少?

What is the remainder when x51+51x^{51}+51 is divided by x+1?x+1?

00

11

4949

5050

5151

难度评级:1410
小提示:

除以 x+1x+1 时,将 1-1 代入多项式

For division by x+1,x+1, evaluate the polynomial at 1-1

大提示:

指数 5151 是奇数

The exponent 5151 is odd

解答:

由多项式余式定理,余数为 (1)51+51=1+51=50 (-1)^{51}+51=-1+51=50\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

By the polynomial remainder theorem, the remainder is (1)51+51=1+51=50. (-1)^{51}+51=-1+51=50.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

5.

四边形 ABCDABCD 内接于一个圆,边 ABAB 越过 BB 延长至点 EE。若 BAD=92\angle BAD=92^\circ,且 ADC=68\angle ADC=68^\circ,求 EBC\angle EBC

Given a quadrilateral ABCDABCD inscribed in a circle with side ABAB extended beyond BB to point E,E, if BAD=92\angle BAD=92^\circ and ADC=68,\angle ADC=68^\circ, find EBC.\angle EBC.

6666^\circ

6868^\circ

7070^\circ

8888^\circ

9292^\circ

难度评级:1460
小提示:

圆内接四边形的对角互补

Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary

大提示:

所求外角也与 ABC\angle ABC 互补

The desired exterior angle is also supplementary to ABC\angle ABC

解答:

因为 ABCDABCD 是圆内接四边形,所以 ABC+ADC=180\angle ABC+\angle ADC=180^\circ。又因为 BEBEBABA 的延长线,所以也有 EBC+ABC=180\angle EBC+\angle ABC=180^\circ。因此 EBC=ADC=68 \angle EBC=\angle ADC=68^\circ\text{。}已知的 9292^\circ 角无需使用。

因此,正确答案是 B

Because ABCDABCD is cyclic, ABC+ADC=180.\angle ABC+\angle ADC=180^\circ. Since BEBE extends BA,BA, EBC+ABC=180\angle EBC+\angle ABC=180^\circ as well. Hence EBC=ADC=68. \angle EBC=\angle ADC=68^\circ. The given 9292^\circ angle is unnecessary.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

6.

对正实数 xxyy,定义 xy=xyx+yx*y=\frac{x\cdot y}{x+y},则

For positive real numbers xx and yy define xy=xyx+y;x*y=\frac{x\cdot y}{x+y}; then

运算“*”满足交换律,但不满足结合律

*” is commutative but not associative

运算“*”满足结合律,但不满足交换律

*” is associative but not commutative

运算“*”既不满足交换律,也不满足结合律

*” is neither commutative nor associative

运算“*”既满足交换律,也满足结合律

*” is commutative and associative

以上皆非

none of these

难度评级:1740
小提示:

交换 xxyy 后,公式显然不变

The formula is visibly unchanged when xx and yy are interchanged

大提示:

用倒数改写该运算:1xy=1x+1y\frac1{x*y}=\frac1x+\frac1y

Rewrite the operation through its reciprocal: 1xy=1x+1y\frac1{x*y}=\frac1x+\frac1y

解答:

公式关于 xxyy 对称,因此该运算满足交换律。此外,1xy=1x+1y \frac1{x*y}=\frac1x+\frac1y\text{。}所以 (xy)z(x*y)*zx(yz)x*(y*z) 的倒数都是 1x+1y+1z\frac1x+\frac1y+\frac1z,故两者相等。该运算也满足结合律。

因此,正确答案是 D

Symmetry in x,x, yy makes the operation commutative. Also, 1xy=1x+1y. \frac1{x*y}=\frac1x+\frac1y. Thus both (xy)z(x*y)*z and x(yz)x*(y*z) have reciprocal 1x+1y+1z,\frac1x+\frac1y+\frac1z, so they are equal. The operation is associative too.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

7.

某镇人口先增加 1,2001{,}200 人,随后新人口数减少了 11%11\%。此时人口比增加 1,2001{,}200 人之前少 3232 人。该镇原有人口是多少?

A town’s population increased by 1,2001{,}200 people, and then this new population decreased by 11%.11\%. The town now had 3232 less people than it did before the 1,2001{,}200 increase. What is the original population?

1,2001{,}200

11,20011{,}200

9,9689{,}968

10,00010{,}000

以上皆非

none of these

难度评级:1310
小提示:

设原有人口为 PP,对 P+1200P+1200 应用减少的百分比

Let PP be the original population and apply the decrease to P+1200P+1200

大提示:

最终人口既可表示为 0.89(P+1200)0.89(P+1200),也可表示为 P32P-32

The final population is both 0.89(P+1200)0.89(P+1200) and P32P-32

解答:

设原有人口为 PP。则 0.89(P+1200)=P32 0.89(P+1200)=P-32\text{。}因此 0.11P=11000.11P=1100,得到 P=10,000P=10{,}000

因此,正确答案是 D

Let the original population be P.P. Then 0.89(P+1200)=P32. 0.89(P+1200)=P-32. Therefore 0.11P=1100,0.11P=1100, giving P=10,000.P=10{,}000.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

8.

能整除 311+5133^{11}+5^{13} 的最小质数是多少?

What is the smallest prime number dividing the sum 311+513?3^{11}+5^{13}?

22

33

55

311+5133^{11}+5^{13}

以上皆非

none of these

知识点:奇偶性质数
难度评级:920
小提示:

两个底数都是奇数

Both bases are odd

大提示:

两个奇数之和能被最小的质数整除

The sum of two odd integers is divisible by the smallest prime

解答:

3113^{11}5135^{13} 都是奇数,所以它们的和是偶数。因此,这个和能被最小的质数 22 整除。

因此,正确答案是 A

Both 3113^{11} and 5135^{13} are odd, so their sum is even. Hence it is divisible by 2,2, the smallest prime.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

9.

大于一的整数按如下方式排列成五列:

22 33 44 55
99 88 77 66
1010 1111 1212 1313
1717 1616 1515 1414
\vdots \vdots \vdots \vdots

(每行出现四个连续整数;在第一、第三及其他奇数行中,整数位于后四列,并从左到右递增;在第二、第四及其他偶数行中,整数位于前四列,并从右到左递增。)

1,0001{,}000 将位于哪一列?

The integers greater than one are arranged in five columns as follows:

22 33 44 55
99 88 77 66
1010 1111 1212 1313
1717 1616 1515 1414
\vdots \vdots \vdots \vdots

(Four consecutive integers appear in each row; in the first, third and other odd numbered rows, the integers appear in the last four columns and increase from left to right; in the second, fourth and other even numbered rows, the integers appear in the first four columns and increase from right to left.)

In which column will the number 1,0001{,}000 fall?

第一列

first

第二列

second

第三列

third

第四列

fourth

第五列

fifth

知识点:找规律模运算
难度评级:1430
小提示:

观察图中所示的 88 的倍数位于何处

Look at where the displayed multiples of 88 occur

大提示:

每个两行的循环包含八个连续整数

Each two-row cycle contains eight consecutive integers

解答:

每两行构成一个包含八个整数的重复区块。在每个区块中,其中的 88 的倍数都位于第二列,正如 881616 一样。由于 1000=12581000=125\cdot8,它也位于第二列。

因此,正确答案是 B

Each pair of rows is a repeating block of eight integers. In every such block, its multiple of 88 lies in the second column, as do 88 and 16.16. Since 1000=1258,1000=125\cdot8, it also lies in the second column.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

10.

使方程 2x(kx4)x2+6=0 2x(kx-4)-x^2+6=0 没有实根的最小整数 kk 是多少?

What is the smallest integral value of kk such that 2x(kx4)x2+6=0 2x(kx-4)-x^2+6=0 has no real roots?

1-1

22

33

44

55

难度评级:1650
小提示:

先将方程改写为标准二次方程形式

First rewrite the equation in standard quadratic form

大提示:

没有实根意味着判别式为负

No real roots means the discriminant is negative

解答:

方程可写成 (2k1)x28x+6=0(2k-1)x^2-8x+6=0。其判别式为 6424(2k1)=8848k 64-24(2k-1)=88-48k\text{。}当且仅当 k>116k\gt\frac{11}{6} 时,判别式为负,所以满足条件的最小整数是 22

因此,正确答案是 B

The equation is (2k1)x28x+6=0.(2k-1)x^2-8x+6=0. Its discriminant is 6424(2k1)=8848k. 64-24(2k-1)=88-48k. This is negative exactly when k>116,k\gt\frac{11}{6}, so the least integer possible is 2.2.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

11.

(a,b)(a,b)(c,d)(c,d) 是直线 y=mx+ky=mx+k 上的两点,则 (a,b)(a,b)(c,d)(c,d) 之间的距离用 aaccmm 表示为

If (a,b)(a,b) and (c,d)(c,d) are two points on the line whose equation is y=mx+k,y=mx+k, then the distance between (a,b)(a,b) and (c,d),(c,d), in terms of a,a, c,c, and m,m, is

ac1+m2|a-c|\sqrt{1+m^2}

a+c1+m2|a+c|\sqrt{1+m^2}

ac1+m2\frac{|a-c|}{\sqrt{1+m^2}}

ac(1+m2)|a-c|(1+m^2)

acm|a-c||m|

难度评级:1390
小提示:

用直线方程将 bdb-d 表示成 aca-c 的式子

Use the line equation to express bdb-d in terms of aca-c

大提示:

bd=m(ac)b-d=m(a-c) 代入距离公式

Substitute bd=m(ac)b-d=m(a-c) into the distance formula

解答:

因为两点都在该直线上,所以 bd=m(ac)b-d=m(a-c)。因此,它们之间的距离为 =(ac)2+(bd)2=(ac)2(1+m2)=ac1+m2 \begin{aligned} \ell&=\sqrt{(a-c)^2+(b-d)^2}\\ &=\sqrt{(a-c)^2(1+m^2)}\\ &=|a-c|\sqrt{1+m^2} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Since both points are on the line, bd=m(ac).b-d=m(a-c). Their distance is therefore =(ac)2+(bd)2=(ac)2(1+m2)=ac1+m2. \begin{aligned} \ell&=\sqrt{(a-c)^2+(b-d)^2}\\ &=\sqrt{(a-c)^2(1+m^2)}\\ &=|a-c|\sqrt{1+m^2}. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

12.

g(x)=1x2g(x)=1-x^2,且 f(g(x))=1x2x2f(g(x))=\frac{1-x^2}{x^2}x0x\ne0 时成立,则 f(12)f(\frac{1}{2}) 等于

If g(x)=1x2g(x)=1-x^2 and f(g(x))=1x2x2f(g(x))=\frac{1-x^2}{x^2} when x0,x\ne0, then f(12)f(\frac{1}{2}) equals

34\frac{3}{4}

11

33

22\frac{\sqrt2}{2}

2\sqrt2

知识点:函数换元法
难度评级:1620
小提示:

选取一个非零 xx,使 g(x)=12g(x)=\frac{1}{2}

Choose a nonzero xx for which g(x)=12g(x)=\frac{1}{2}

大提示:

方程 1x2=121-x^2=\frac{1}{2} 可直接确定 x2x^2

The equation 1x2=121-x^2=\frac{1}{2} determines x2x^2 directly

解答:

g(x)=12g(x)=\frac{1}{2},则 x2=12x^2=\frac{1}{2},对应的两个 xx 都非零。因此 f(12)=1x2x2=1212=1 f(\frac{1}{2})=\frac{1-x^2}{x^2} =\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}}=1\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

If g(x)=12,g(x)=\frac{1}{2}, then x2=12,x^2=\frac{1}{2}, and either corresponding xx is nonzero. Hence f(12)=1x2x2=1212=1. f(\frac{1}{2})=\frac{1-x^2}{x^2} =\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}}=1.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

13.

以下哪一项与“若 PP 为真,则 QQ 为假”等价?

Which of the following is equivalent to “If PP is true then QQ is false”?

PP 为真,或 QQ 为假。”

PP is true or QQ is false.”

“若 QQ 为假,则 PP 为真。”

“If QQ is false then PP is true.”

“若 PP 为假,则 QQ 为真。”

“If PP is false then QQ is true.”

“若 QQ 为真,则 PP 为假。”

“If QQ is true then PP is false.”

“若 QQ 为真,则 PP 为真。”

“If QQ is true then PP is true.”

知识点:逻辑推理
难度评级:1450
小提示:

一个命题与其逆否命题等价

An implication is equivalent to its contrapositive

大提示:

将蕴含方向反转,并分别否定“PP 为真”和“QQ 为假”

Reverse the implication and negate both “PP true” and “QQ false”

解答:

PP 为真蕴含 QQ 为假”的逆否命题是“QQ 不为假蕴含 PP 不为真”。这正是“若 QQ 为真,则 PP 为假”。

因此,正确答案是 D

The contrapositive of “PP true implies QQ false” is “QQ not false implies PP not true.” This is exactly “If QQ is true then PP is false.”

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

14.

以下哪个命题正确?

Which statement is correct?

x<0x\lt0,则 x2>xx^2\gt x

If x<0,x\lt0, then x2>x.x^2\gt x.

x2>0x^2\gt0,则 x>0x\gt0

If x2>0,x^2\gt0, then x>0.x\gt0.

x2>xx^2\gt x,则 x>0x\gt0

If x2>x,x^2\gt x, then x>0.x\gt0.

x2>xx^2\gt x,则 x<0x\lt0

If x2>x,x^2\gt x, then x<0.x\lt0.

x<1x\lt1,则 x2<xx^2\lt x

If x<1,x\lt1, then x2<x.x^2\lt x.

知识点:不等式反例
难度评级:1160
小提示:

xx 为负数时,先比较 x2x^2 与零

For a negative x,x, compare x2x^2 first with zero

大提示:

1-112\frac1222 等简单数值即可否定其余命题

Simple test values such as 1,-1, 12,\frac12, and 22 reject the other implications

解答:

x<0x\lt0,则 x2>0>xx^2\gt0\gt x,所以选项 A 恒成立。分别取 x=1x=-1x=1x=-1x=2x=2x=1x=-1,即可否定 B、C、D 和 E。

因此,正确答案是 A

If x<0,x\lt0, then x2>0>x,x^2\gt0\gt x, so choice A always holds. The values x=1,x=-1, x=1,x=-1, x=2,x=2, and x=1x=-1 respectively disprove B, C, D, and E.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

15.

x<2x\lt-2,则 11+x\bigl|1-|1+x|\bigr| 等于

If x<2x\lt-2 then 11+x\bigl|1-|1+x|\bigr| equals

2+x2+x

2x-2-x

xx

x-x

2-2

知识点:绝对值不等式
难度评级:1430
小提示:

利用 1+x<11+x\lt-1 先化简内层绝对值

Resolve the inner absolute value first using 1+x<11+x\lt-1

大提示:

1+x|1+x| 替换为 1x-1-x 后,判断 2+x2+x 的符号

After replacing 1+x|1+x| by 1x,-1-x, determine the sign of 2+x2+x

解答:

由于 x<2x\lt-2,所以 1+x<01+x\lt0,从而 1+x=1x|1+x|=-1-x。于是 11+x\bigl|1-|1+x|\bigr| 化为 1(1x)|1-(-1-x)|,即 2+x=2x|2+x|=-2-x,因为 2+x<02+x\lt0

因此,正确答案是 B

Since x<2,x\lt-2, 1+x<0,1+x\lt0, so 1+x=1x.|1+x|=-1-x. Thus 11+x\bigl|1-|1+x|\bigr| becomes 1(1x),|1-(-1-x)|, which is 2+x=2x|2+x|=-2-x because 2+x<0.2+x\lt0.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

16.

半径为 rr 的圆内切于一个等腰直角三角形,半径为 RR 的圆外接于该三角形。则 Rr\frac{R}{r} 等于

A circle of radius rr is inscribed in a right isosceles triangle, and a circle of radius RR is circumscribed about the triangle. Then Rr\frac{R}{r} equals

1+21+\sqrt2

2+22\frac{2+\sqrt2}{2}

212\frac{\sqrt2-1}{2}

1+22\frac{1+\sqrt2}{2}

2(22)2(2-\sqrt2)

难度评级:1670
小提示:

设每条直角边长为 aa,用 aa 表示两个半径

Let each leg have length aa and express both radii in terms of aa

大提示:

对直角三角形,外接圆半径是斜边的一半;内切圆半径为 a+aa22\frac{a+a-a\sqrt2}{2}

For a right triangle, the circumradius is half the hypotenuse; the inradius is a+aa22\frac{a+a-a\sqrt2}{2}

解答:

两条直角边长均为 aa,斜边长为 a2a\sqrt2,所以 R=a22,r=a+aa22 \begin{aligned} R&=\frac{a\sqrt2}{2},\\ r&=\frac{a+a-a\sqrt2}{2} \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 Rr=222=121=1+2 \begin{aligned} \frac Rr&=\frac{\sqrt2}{2-\sqrt2}\\ &=\frac1{\sqrt2-1}=1+\sqrt2 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

With both legs of length aa and hypotenuse a2,a\sqrt2, R=a22,r=a+aa22. \begin{aligned} R&=\frac{a\sqrt2}{2},\\ r&=\frac{a+a-a\sqrt2}{2}. \end{aligned} Therefore Rr=222=121=1+2. \begin{aligned} \frac Rr&=\frac{\sqrt2}{2-\sqrt2}\\ &=\frac1{\sqrt2-1}=1+\sqrt2. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

17.

i2=1i^2=-1,则 (1+i)20(1i)20(1+i)^{20}-(1-i)^{20} 等于

If i2=1,i^2=-1, then (1+i)20(1i)20(1+i)^{20}-(1-i)^{20} equals

1024-1024

1024i-1024i

00

10241024

1024i1024i

知识点:复数指数
难度评级:1540
小提示:

分别计算两个共轭底数的四次方

Compute the fourth power of each conjugate base

大提示:

(1+i)4(1+i)^4(1i)4(1-i)^4 都等于 4-4

Both (1+i)4(1+i)^4 and (1i)4(1-i)^4 equal 4-4

解答:

由于 (1+i)2=2i(1+i)^2=2i,所以 (1+i)4=4(1+i)^4=-4。同理,(1i)2=2i(1-i)^2=-2i,且 (1i)4=4(1-i)^4=-4。因此,两个二十次方都等于 (4)5=1024(-4)^5=-1024,它们的差为 00

因此,正确答案是 C

Since (1+i)2=2i,(1+i)^2=2i, we have (1+i)4=4.(1+i)^4=-4. Likewise (1i)2=2i(1-i)^2=-2i and (1i)4=4.(1-i)^4=-4. Hence each twentieth power equals (4)5=1024,(-4)^5=-1024, and their difference is 0.0.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

18.

log83=p\log_8 3=p,且 log35=q\log_3 5=q,则用 ppqq 表示的 log105\log_{10}5 等于

If log83=p\log_8 3=p and log35=q,\log_3 5=q, then, in terms of pp and q,q, log105\log_{10}5 equals

pqpq

3p+q5\frac{3p+q}{5}

1+3pqp+q\frac{1+3pq}{p+q}

3pq1+3pq\frac{3pq}{1+3pq}

p2+q2p^2+q^2

知识点:对数
难度评级:1780
小提示:

将所有对数都换成以 22 为底

Convert every logarithm to base 22

大提示:

已知条件可推出 log23=3p\log_2 3=3plog25=3pq\log_2 5=3pq

The givens imply log23=3p\log_2 3=3p and log25=3pq\log_2 5=3pq

解答:

p=log83p=\log_8 3 可得 log23=3p\log_2 3=3p。因此 log25=(log23)(log35)=3pq \log_2 5=(\log_2 3)(\log_3 5)=3pq\text{。}又因为 log210=1+log25=1+3pq\log_2 10=1+\log_2 5=1+3pq,所以 log105=log25log210=3pq1+3pq \log_{10}5=\frac{\log_2 5}{\log_2 10} =\frac{3pq}{1+3pq}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

From p=log83,p=\log_8 3, log23=3p.\log_2 3=3p. Therefore log25=(log23)(log35)=3pq. \log_2 5=(\log_2 3)(\log_3 5)=3pq. Since log210=1+log25=1+3pq,\log_2 10=1+\log_2 5=1+3pq, log105=log25log210=3pq1+3pq. \log_{10}5=\frac{\log_2 5}{\log_2 10} =\frac{3pq}{1+3pq}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

19.

在附图中,ABCDABCD 是正方形,CMNCMN 是等边三角形。若 ABCDABCD 的面积为一平方英寸,则 CMNCMN 的面积(以平方英寸为单位)为

In the adjoining figure ABCDABCD is a square and CMNCMN is an equilateral triangle. If the area of ABCDABCD is one square inch, then the area of CMNCMN in square inches is

2332\sqrt3-3

1331-\frac{\sqrt3}{3}

34\frac{\sqrt3}{4}

23\frac{\sqrt2}{3}

4234-2\sqrt3

难度评级:2070
小提示:

正方形边长为 11;令 DM=NB=xDM=NB=x,这可由比较相等的边 CMCMCNCN 得到

The square has side 1;1; set DM=NB=xDM=NB=x by comparing the equal sides CMCM and CNCN

大提示:

CM2=1+x2CM^2=1+x^2MN2=2(1x)2MN^2=2(1-x)^2 相等

Equate CM2=1+x2CM^2=1+x^2 with MN2=2(1x)2MN^2=2(1-x)^2

解答:

正方形边长为 11。由于 CM=CNCM=CN,比较它们长度的平方可得 DM=NB=xDM=NB=x。此外,CM2=1+x2,MN2=2(1x)2 \begin{aligned} CM^2&=1+x^2,\\ MN^2&=2(1-x)^2 \end{aligned}\text{。}因为 CMNCMN 是等边三角形,令两式相等可得 x24x+1=0x^2-4x+1=0。位于 (0,1)(0,1) 内的根是 x=23x=2-\sqrt3

三角形边长的平方为 1+x21+x^2,所以其面积为 A=34(1+x2)=34(1+(23)2)=233 \begin{aligned} A_\triangle&=\frac{\sqrt3}{4}(1+x^2)\\ &=\frac{\sqrt3}{4} \bigl(1+(2-\sqrt3)^2\bigr)\\ &=2\sqrt3-3 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

The square has side 1.1. Since CM=CN,CM=CN, symmetry of their squared lengths gives DM=NB=x.DM=NB=x. Also, CM2=1+x2,MN2=2(1x)2. \begin{aligned} CM^2&=1+x^2,\\ MN^2&=2(1-x)^2. \end{aligned} Equating these because CMNCMN is equilateral gives x24x+1=0.x^2-4x+1=0. The root in (0,1)(0,1) is x=23.x=2-\sqrt3.

The triangle’s side has square 1+x2,1+x^2, so its area is A=34(1+x2)=34(1+(23)2)=233. \begin{aligned} A_\triangle&=\frac{\sqrt3}{4}(1+x^2)\\ &=\frac{\sqrt3}{4} \bigl(1+(2-\sqrt3)^2\bigr)\\ &=2\sqrt3-3. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

20.

T=138187+176165+152 \begin{aligned} T={}&\frac1{3-\sqrt8} -\frac1{\sqrt8-\sqrt7}\\ &+\frac1{\sqrt7-\sqrt6} -\frac1{\sqrt6-\sqrt5}\\ &+\frac1{\sqrt5-2} \end{aligned}\text{,}

Let T=138187+176165+152; \begin{aligned} T={}&\frac1{3-\sqrt8} -\frac1{\sqrt8-\sqrt7}\\ &+\frac1{\sqrt7-\sqrt6} -\frac1{\sqrt6-\sqrt5}\\ &+\frac1{\sqrt5-2}; \end{aligned} then

T<1T\lt1

T=1T=1

1<T<21\lt T\lt2

T>2T\gt2

T=1(38)(87)(76)(65)(52)\displaystyle T=\frac1{\substack{(3-\sqrt8)(\sqrt8-\sqrt7)(\sqrt7-\sqrt6)\\ {}\cdot(\sqrt6-\sqrt5)(\sqrt5-2)}}

难度评级:1740
小提示:

分别将每个分母有理化

Rationalize each denominator separately

大提示:

每个分母都是两个平方相差 11 的平方根之差

Every denominator is a difference of square roots whose squares differ by 11

解答:

将五项的分母有理化,得 T=(3+8)(8+7)+(7+6)(6+5)+(5+2)=5 \begin{aligned} T={}&(3+\sqrt8)-(\sqrt8+\sqrt7)\\ &+(\sqrt7+\sqrt6)-(\sqrt6+\sqrt5)\\ &+(\sqrt5+2)=5 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 T>2T\gt2

因此,正确答案是 D

Rationalizing the five terms gives T=(3+8)(8+7)+(7+6)(6+5)+(5+2)=5. \begin{aligned} T={}&(3+\sqrt8)-(\sqrt8+\sqrt7)\\ &+(\sqrt7+\sqrt6)-(\sqrt6+\sqrt5)\\ &+(\sqrt5+2)=5. \end{aligned} Thus T>2.T\gt2.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

21.

在一个各项均为正数的等比数列中,第五项与第四项之差为 576576,第二项与第一项之差为 99。这个数列前五项的和是多少?

In a geometric series of positive terms the difference between the fifth and fourth terms is 576,576, and the difference between the second and first terms is 9.9. What is the sum of the first five terms of this series?

10611061

10231023

10241024

768768

以上皆非

none of these

知识点:等比数列求和
难度评级:1900
小提示:

设首项为 aa,公比为 rr

Write the first term as aa and the common ratio as rr

大提示:

ar3(r1)=576ar^3(r-1)=576 除以 a(r1)=9a(r-1)=9

Divide ar3(r1)=576ar^3(r-1)=576 by a(r1)=9a(r-1)=9

解答:

设首项为 aa,公比为 rr。由条件可得 ar3(r1)=576,a(r1)=9 \begin{aligned} ar^3(r-1)&=576,\\ a(r-1)&=9 \end{aligned}\text{。}两式相除得 r3=64r^3=64,所以 r=4r=4。于是 3a=93a=9,从而 a=3a=3。所求和为 S=3(1+4+16+64+256)=3341=1023 \begin{aligned} S&=3(1+4+16+64+256)\\ &=3\cdot341\\ &=1023 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

Let the first term be aa and the ratio be r.r. The conditions give ar3(r1)=576,a(r1)=9. \begin{aligned} ar^3(r-1)&=576,\\ a(r-1)&=9. \end{aligned} Their quotient gives r3=64,r^3=64, so r=4.r=4. Then 3a=9,3a=9, hence a=3.a=3. The sum is S=3(1+4+16+64+256)=3341=1023. \begin{aligned} S&=3(1+4+16+64+256)\\ &=3\cdot341\\ &=1023. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

22.

sinA23cosA2\sin\frac A2-\sqrt3\cos\frac A2AA 取何值时取得最小值?

The minimum value of sinA23cosA2\sin\frac A2-\sqrt3\cos\frac A2 is attained when AA is

180-180^\circ

6060^\circ

120120^\circ

00^\circ

以上皆非

none of these

难度评级:1780
小提示:

将正弦项与余弦项合并成一个振幅为 22 的平移正弦函数

Combine the sine and cosine into one shifted sine with amplitude 22

大提示:

使用 sinu3cosu=2sin(u60)\sin u-\sqrt3\cos u=2\sin(u-60^\circ)

Use sinu3cosu=2sin(u60)\sin u-\sqrt3\cos u=2\sin(u-60^\circ)

解答:

u=A2u=\frac{A}{2}。则 sinu3cosu\sin u-\sqrt3\cos u 等于 2sin(u60)2\sin(u-60^\circ)。当 u60=270+360nu-60^\circ=270^\circ+360^\circ n 时取得最小值,所以 A=660+720n A=660^\circ+720^\circ n 其中 nn 为整数。前四个选项都不具有这种形式。

因此,正确答案是 E

Let u=A2.u=\frac{A}{2}. Then sinu3cosu\sin u-\sqrt3\cos u equals 2sin(u60).2\sin(u-60^\circ). Its minimum occurs when u60=270+360n,u-60^\circ=270^\circ+360^\circ n, so A=660+720n A=660^\circ+720^\circ n for an integer n.n. None of the first four choices has this form.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

23.

在附图中,TPTPTQT'Q 是半径为 rr 的圆的两条平行切线,TTTT' 为切点。PTQPT''Q 是第三条切线,切点为 TT''。若 TP=4TP=4,且 TQ=9T'Q=9,则 rr

In the adjoining figure TPTP and TQT'Q are parallel tangents to a circle of radius r,r, with TT and TT' the points of tangency. PTQPT''Q is a third tangent with TT'' as point of tangency. If TP=4TP=4 and TQ=9T'Q=9 then rr is

256\frac{25}{6}

66

254\frac{25}{4}

不同于 256\frac{25}{6}66254\frac{25}{4} 的数

a number other than 256,\frac{25}{6}, 6,6, or 254\frac{25}{4}

无法由已知信息确定

not determinable from the given information

难度评级:2070
小提示:

圆心位于同一外点所引两条切线夹角的角平分线上

The center lies on each angle bisector formed by two tangents from the same external point

大提示:

证明 POQ=90\angle POQ=90^\circ,并在 TT'' 处使用直角三角形斜边上高的定理

Show that POQ=90\angle POQ=90^\circ and use the altitude-to-hypotenuse theorem at TT''

解答:

从每个外点出发,到切点的半径构成全等的直角三角形,所以 OPOPOQOQ 分别平分两个切线夹角。由于另外两条切线平行,这两个半角之和为 9090^\circ,因此 POQ=90\angle POQ=90^\circ

因此 OT=rOT''=r 是斜边 PQPQ 上的高。由同一外点引出的切线段相等,得 PT=PT=4PT''=PT=4QT=QT=9QT''=QT'=9。由斜边上高的定理,r2=(PT)(QT)=49=36 r^2=(PT'')(QT'')=4\cdot9=36\text{,}所以 r=6r=6

因此,正确答案是 B

The radii to the tangency points make congruent right triangles from each external point, so OPOP and OQOQ bisect the two tangent angles. Because the other two tangents are parallel, these half-angles add to 90;90^\circ; hence POQ=90.\angle POQ=90^\circ.

Thus OT=rOT''=r is the altitude to the hypotenuse PQ.PQ. Equal tangent segments give PT=PT=4PT''=PT=4 and QT=QT=9.QT''=QT'=9. The altitude theorem yields r2=(PT)(QT)=49=36, r^2=(PT'')(QT'')=4\cdot9=36, so r=6.r=6.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

24.

将一枚均匀骰子掷六次。至少五次掷出不小于五点的概率为

A fair die is rolled six times. The probability of rolling at least a five at least five times is

13729\frac{13}{729}

12729\frac{12}{729}

2729\frac{2}{729}

3729\frac{3}{729}

以上皆非

none of these

难度评级:1900
小提示:

将一次符合条件的投掷视为成功,其概率为 26=13\frac{2}{6}=\frac{1}{3}

A roll is a success with probability 26=13\frac{2}{6}=\frac{1}{3}

大提示:

将恰好成功五次与恰好成功六次这两个互斥情形的概率相加

Add the disjoint cases of exactly five successes and exactly six successes

解答:

把掷出 5566 记为一次成功,其概率为 13\frac{1}{3}。所求概率为 (65)(13)5(23)+(13)6=12729+1729=13729 \begin{aligned} &\binom65\left(\frac13\right)^5 \left(\frac23\right) +\left(\frac13\right)^6\\ &\qquad=\frac{12}{729}+\frac1{729}\\ &\qquad=\frac{13}{729} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

Let a success be a 55 or 6,6, so its probability is 13.\frac{1}{3}. The desired probability is (65)(13)5(23)+(13)6=12729+1729=13729. \begin{aligned} &\binom65\left(\frac13\right)^5 \left(\frac23\right) +\left(\frac13\right)^6\\ &\qquad=\frac{12}{729}+\frac1{729}\\ &\qquad=\frac{13}{729}. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

25.

在附图的平行四边形 ABCDABCD 中,直线 DPDP 平分 BCBCNN,并与 ABAB 的延长线交于 PP。从顶点 CC 作直线 CQCQ,它平分边 ADADMM,并与 ABAB 的延长线交于 QQ。直线 DPDPCQCQ 相交于 OO。若平行四边形 ABCDABCD 的面积为 kk,则三角形 QPOQPO 的面积等于

In parallelogram ABCDABCD of the accompanying diagram, line DPDP is drawn bisecting BCBC at NN and meeting ABAB (extended) at P.P. From vertex C,C, line CQCQ is drawn bisecting side ADAD at MM and meeting ABAB (extended) at Q.Q. Lines DPDP and CQCQ meet at O.O. If the area of parallelogram ABCDABCD is k,k, then the area of triangle QPOQPO is equal to

kk

6k5\frac{6k}{5}

9k8\frac{9k}{8}

5k4\frac{5k}{4}

2k2k

难度评级:2100
小提示:

A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(1,0)B=(1,0)D=(u,v)D=(u,v)C=(u+1,v)C=(u+1,v)

Use A=(0,0),A=(0,0), B=(1,0),B=(1,0), D=(u,v),D=(u,v), and C=(u+1,v)C=(u+1,v)

大提示:

两条中点连线与基线分别交于 Q=(1,0)Q=(-1,0)P=(2,0)P=(2,0);再求 OO 的高度

The midpoint lines meet the baseline at Q=(1,0)Q=(-1,0) and P=(2,0)P=(2,0); then find OO’s height

解答:

选取坐标 A=(0,0)A=(0,0)B=(1,0)B=(1,0)D=(u,v)D=(u,v)C=(u+1,v)C=(u+1,v),于是 k=vk=v。两个中点为 M=(u2,v2),N=(1+u2,v2) \begin{aligned} M&=(\frac{u}{2},\frac{v}{2}),\\ N&=(1+\frac{u}{2},\frac{v}{2}) \end{aligned}\text{。}CMCMDNDN 延长至 y=0y=0,可得 Q=(1,0)Q=(-1,0)P=(2,0)P=(2,0)

DPDPCQCQ 参数化,可得它们的交点为 O=(3u4+12,3v4)O=(\frac{3u}{4}+\frac{1}{2},\frac{3v}{4})。因此 QP=3QP=3,从 OO 到基线的高为 3v4\frac{3v}{4},所以 [QPO]=12(3)(3v4)=9v8=9k8 \begin{aligned} [QPO]&=\frac12(3)\left(\frac{3v}{4}\right)\\ &=\frac{9v}{8}=\frac{9k}{8} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Choose coordinates A=(0,0),A=(0,0), B=(1,0),B=(1,0), D=(u,v),D=(u,v), and C=(u+1,v),C=(u+1,v), so k=v.k=v. The midpoints are M=(u2,v2),N=(1+u2,v2). \begin{aligned} M&=(\frac{u}{2},\frac{v}{2}),\\ N&=(1+\frac{u}{2},\frac{v}{2}). \end{aligned} Extending CMCM and DNDN to y=0y=0 gives Q=(1,0)Q=(-1,0) and P=(2,0).P=(2,0).

Parameterizing DPDP and CQCQ shows their intersection is O=(3u4+12,3v4).O=(\frac{3u}{4}+\frac{1}{2},\frac{3v}{4}). Thus QP=3QP=3 and the height from OO is 3v4,\frac{3v}{4}, so [QPO]=12(3)(3v4)=9v8=9k8. \begin{aligned} [QPO]&=\frac12(3)\left(\frac{3v}{4}\right)\\ &=\frac{9v}{8}=\frac{9k}{8}. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

26.

(30)4(30)^4 的不同正整数因数中,除去 11(30)4(30)^4 后,共有多少个?

The number of distinct positive integral divisors of (30)4(30)^4 excluding 11 and (30)4(30)^4 is

100100

125125

123123

3030

以上皆非

none of these

难度评级:1790
小提示:

30430^4 分解为 223355 的幂的乘积

Factor 30430^4 into powers of 2,2, 3,3, and 55

大提示:

每个质因数的指数都可独立地从 0044 中选择,最后去掉两个因数

Choose each prime exponent independently from 00 through 4,4, then remove two divisors

解答:

因为 304=243454 30^4=2^4\cdot3^4\cdot5^4\text{,}每个因数都可独立选择三个指数,每个指数取自 0011223344。共有 53=1255^3=125 个因数。除去 1130430^4,还剩 1252=123125-2=123 个。

因此,正确答案是 C

Because 304=243454, 30^4=2^4\cdot3^4\cdot5^4, a divisor independently chooses each of three exponents from 0,0, 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 4.4. There are 53=1255^3=125 divisors. Excluding 11 and 30430^4 leaves 1252=123.125-2=123.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

27.

f(x)=3x+2f(x)=3x+2 对所有实数 xx 都成立,则命题:

f(x)+4<a|f(x)+4|\lt ax+2<b|x+2|\lt ba>0a\gt0b>0b\gt0 时恒成立”

在下列何种条件下成立?

If f(x)=3x+2f(x)=3x+2 for all real x,x, then the statement:

f(x)+4<a|f(x)+4|\lt a whenever x+2<b|x+2|\lt b and a>0a\gt0 and b>0b\gt0

is true when

ba3b\le \frac{a}{3}

b>a3b\gt \frac{a}{3}

ab3a\le \frac{b}{3}

a>b3a\gt \frac{b}{3}

该命题永不成立。

The statement is never true.

难度评级:1670
小提示:

f(x)+4f(x)+4x+2x+2 表示并因式分解

Factor f(x)+4f(x)+4 in terms of x+2x+2

大提示:

条件变为 3x+2<a3|x+2|\lt a,且该式在 x+2<b|x+2|\lt b 时恒成立

The condition becomes 3x+2<a3|x+2|\lt a whenever x+2<b|x+2|\lt b

解答:

f(x)+4=3x+6=3x+2 |f(x)+4|=|3x+6|=3|x+2|\text{。}x+2<b|x+2|\lt b,且 ba3b\le \frac{a}{3},则 3x+2<3ba3|x+2|\lt3b\le a,符合要求。若 b>a3b\gt \frac{a}{3},则可选取 x+2|x+2|,使它严格介于 a3\frac{a}{3}bb 之间,命题便不成立。因此,确切条件是 ba3b\le \frac{a}{3}

因此,正确答案是 A

We have f(x)+4=3x+6=3x+2. |f(x)+4|=|3x+6|=3|x+2|. If x+2<b|x+2|\lt b and ba3,b\le \frac{a}{3}, then 3x+2<3ba,3|x+2|\lt3b\le a, as required. If b>a3,b\gt \frac{a}{3}, one can choose x+2|x+2| strictly between a3\frac{a}{3} and b,b, so the statement fails. Thus the exact condition is ba3.b\le \frac{a}{3}.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

28.

对所有形如 x=a13+a232++a25325 x=\frac{a_1}{3}+\frac{a_2}{3^2}+\cdots+\frac{a_{25}}{3^{25}} 的数 xx,以下哪一项恒成立?其中 a1a_10022a2a_20022\ldotsa25a_{25}0022

Which of the following is satisfied by all numbers xx of the form x=a13+a232++a25325, x=\frac{a_1}{3}+\frac{a_2}{3^2}+\cdots+\frac{a_{25}}{3^{25}}, where a1a_1 is 00 or 2,2, a2a_2 is 00 or 2,2, ,\ldots, a25a_{25} is 00 or 2?2?

0x<130\le x\lt\frac{1}{3}

13x<23\frac{1}{3}\le x\lt\frac{2}{3}

23x<1\frac{2}{3}\le x\lt1

0x<130\le x\lt\frac{1}{3}23x<1\frac{2}{3}\le x\lt1

0x<130\le x\lt\frac{1}{3} or 23x<1\frac{2}{3}\le x\lt1

12x34\frac{1}{2}\le x\le\frac{3}{4}

难度评级:2090
小提示:

分别考虑 a1=0a_1=0a1=2a_1=2 两种情形

Separate the cases a1=0a_1=0 and a1=2a_1=2

大提示:

用无穷等比数列的尾和 n=223n\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}\frac{2}{3^n} 估计其余各项

Bound the remaining terms by the infinite geometric tail n=223n\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}\frac{2}{3^n}

解答:

a1=0a_1=0,则 0xn=22523n<n=223n=13 0\le x\le\sum_{n=2}^{25}\frac2{3^n} \lt\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}\frac2{3^n}=\frac13\text{。}a1=2a_1=2,则 x23x\ge\frac{2}{3},同时 xn=12523n<n=123n=1 x\le\sum_{n=1}^{25}\frac2{3^n} \lt\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac2{3^n}=1\text{。}因此,每个这样的 xx 都位于所述两个外侧三等分区间之一。

因此,正确答案是 D

If a1=0,a_1=0, then 0xn=22523n<n=223n=13. 0\le x\le\sum_{n=2}^{25}\frac2{3^n} \lt\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}\frac2{3^n}=\frac13. If a1=2,a_1=2, then x23,x\ge\frac{2}{3}, while xn=12523n<n=123n=1. x\le\sum_{n=1}^{25}\frac2{3^n} \lt\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac2{3^n}=1. Hence every such xx lies in one of the two stated outer thirds.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

29.

p=1p=122\ldots1010,令 SpS_p 为一个等差数列前 4040 项的和,其中首项为 pp,公差为 2p12p-1。则 S1+S2++S10S_1+S_2+\cdots+S_{10} 等于

For p=1,p=1, 2,2, ,\ldots, 1010 let SpS_p be the sum of the first 4040 terms of the arithmetic progression whose first term is pp and whose common difference is 2p1;2p-1; then S1+S2++S10S_1+S_2+\cdots+S_{10} is

80,00080{,}000

80,20080{,}200

80,40080{,}400

80,60080{,}600

80,80080{,}800

知识点:等差数列求和
难度评级:1740
小提示:

使用 4040 项等差数列求和公式,其中 pp 固定

Use the 4040-term arithmetic-series formula for a fixed pp

大提示:

先化简 Sp=20(2p+39(2p1))S_p=20\bigl(2p+39(2p-1)\bigr),再对 pp 求和

Simplify Sp=20(2p+39(2p1))S_p=20\bigl(2p+39(2p-1)\bigr) before summing over pp

解答:

对每个 ppSp=402(2p+39(2p1))=1600p780 \begin{aligned} S_p&=\frac{40}{2} \bigl(2p+39(2p-1)\bigr)\\ &=1600p-780 \end{aligned}\text{。}由于 1+2++10=551+2+\cdots+10=55,所以 p=110Sp=1600(55)7800=80,200 \begin{aligned} \sum_{p=1}^{10}S_p &=1600(55)-7800\\ &=80{,}200 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

For each p,p, Sp=402(2p+39(2p1))=1600p780. \begin{aligned} S_p&=\frac{40}{2} \bigl(2p+39(2p-1)\bigr)\\ &=1600p-780. \end{aligned} Since 1+2++10=55,1+2+\cdots+10=55, therefore p=110Sp=1600(55)7800=80,200. \begin{aligned} \sum_{p=1}^{10}S_p &=1600(55)-7800\\ &=80{,}200. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

30.

一条线段被分成两部分,使较短部分与较长部分之比等于较长部分与整条线段之比。若 RR 是较短部分与较长部分之比,则 R[R(R2+R1)+R1]+R1 R^{\left[R^{\left(R^2+R^{-1}\right)}+R^{-1}\right]}+R^{-1} 的值为

A line segment is divided so that the lesser part is to the greater part as the greater part is to the whole. If RR is the ratio of the lesser part to the greater part, then the value of R[R(R2+R1)+R1]+R1 R^{\left[R^{\left(R^2+R^{-1}\right)}+R^{-1}\right]}+R^{-1} is

22

2R2R

R1R^{-1}

2+R12+R^{-1}

2+R2+R

难度评级:2100
小提示:

将分割条件写成 R=11+RR=\frac{1}{1+R}

Translate the division condition into R=11+RR=\frac{1}{1+R}

大提示:

R2+R=1R^2+R=1 推出 R1=R+1R^{-1}=R+1,再从最内层指数向外化简

From R2+R=1,R^2+R=1, derive R1=R+1R^{-1}=R+1 and simplify from the innermost exponent outward

解答:

将较长部分缩放为 11,则较短部分为 RR。由条件得 R=11+RR=\frac{1}{1+R},所以 R2+R=1,R1=R+1 R^2+R=1,\qquad R^{-1}=R+1\text{。}因此 R2+R1=R2+R+1=2 R^2+R^{-1}=R^2+R+1=2\text{。}从内向外化简,最外层 RR 的指数变为 RR2+R1+R1=R2+R1=2 \begin{aligned} R^{\,R^2+R^{-1}}+R^{-1} &=R^2+R^{-1}\\ &=2 \end{aligned}\text{。}所以整个表达式为 R2+R1=2R^2+R^{-1}=2

因此,正确答案是 A

Scale the greater part to 1,1, making the lesser part R.R. The condition gives R=11+R,R=\frac{1}{1+R}, so R2+R=1,R1=R+1. R^2+R=1,\qquad R^{-1}=R+1. Consequently R2+R1=R2+R+1=2. R^2+R^{-1}=R^2+R+1=2. Working outward, the exponent of the outer RR becomes RR2+R1+R1=R2+R1=2. \begin{aligned} R^{\,R^2+R^{-1}}+R^{-1} &=R^2+R^{-1}\\ &=2. \end{aligned} The whole expression is therefore R2+R1=2.R^2+R^{-1}=2.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.