1962 AMC 12 真题
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1.
2.
3.
某等差数列的前三项依次为 、、。 的值为:
The first three terms of an arithmetic progression are in the order shown. The value of is:
无法确定
undetermined
4.
5.
若将一个圆的半径增加 个单位,则新圆的周长与直径之比为:
If the radius of a circle is increased by unit, the ratio of the new circumference to the new diameter is:
6.
一个正方形与一个等边三角形的周长相等。该三角形的面积为 平方英寸。以英寸为单位,正方形的对角线长为:
A square and an equilateral triangle have equal perimeters. The area of the triangle is square inches. Expressed in inches the diagonal of the square is:
以上都不是
none of these
小提示:
用 表示三角形的面积
Use for the triangle’s area
大提示:
令两个周长相等,再把正方形的边长乘以
Equate the two perimeters, then multiply the square’s side by
解答:
若三角形的边长为 ,则 所以 。其周长为 ,故正方形边长为 。因此正方形的对角线长为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
If is the triangle’s side, then so Its perimeter is making the square’s side The square’s diagonal is therefore
Thus, the correct answer is D.
7.
设三角形 在 和 处的外角平分线交于 。若所有角度均以度为单位,则角 等于:
Let the bisectors of the exterior angles at and of triangle meet at Then, if all measurements are in degrees, angle equals:
8.
已知一组 个数,其中 ,一个数是 ,其余各数都是 。这 个数的算术平均数为:
Given the set of numbers, of which one is and all the others are The arithmetic mean of the numbers is:
9.
将 尽可能完全地分解为具有整数系数的多项式和单项式之积,所得因式的个数为:
When is factored as completely as possible into polynomials and monomials with integral coefficients, the number of factors is:
多于 个
more than
小提示:
从 开始,反复使用平方差公式
Begin with and repeatedly use differences of squares
大提示:
在整数范围内,分解出 、、、 和 后停止
Over the integers, stop after isolating and
解答:
在整数范围内分解得 最后两个非常数因式在整数范围内不可约,所以共有 个因式。
所以正确答案是 B。
Factoring over the integers gives The last two nonconstant factors are irreducible over the integers, so there are factors.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
10.
某人开车前往海滨, 英里的路程用时 小时 分钟。他从海滨返回出发点用时 小时 分钟。设全程平均速度为 。则去程平均速度比 高多少英里每小时?
A man drives miles to the seashore in hours and minutes. He returns from the shore to the starting point in hours and minutes. Let be the average rate for the entire trip. Then the average rate for the trip going exceeds in miles per hour, by:
小提示:
用总路程除以总时间求
Use total distance divided by total time for
大提示:
去程时间为 小时,往返总时间为 小时
The outbound time is hours and the round-trip time is hours
解答:
去程速度为每小时 英里。全程在 小时内行驶 英里,所以 。速度之差为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
The outbound rate is miles per hour. The entire trip covers miles in hours, so The difference is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
11.
方程 的较大根与较小根之差为:
The difference between the larger root and the smaller root of is:
12.
展开 后,最后三项的系数之和为:
When is expanded, the sum of the last three coefficients is:
13.
14.
当项数无限增加时,设等比级数 的极限和为 。则 等于:
Let be the limiting sum of the geometric series as the number of terms increases without bound. Then equals:
与 之间的一个数
a number between and
15.
已知三角形 的底边 的长度与位置固定。当顶点 沿一条直线移动时,三条中线的交点沿下列哪种轨迹移动:
Given triangle with base fixed in length and position. As the vertex moves on a straight line, the intersection point of the three medians moves on:
圆
a circle
抛物线
a parabola
椭圆
an ellipse
直线
a straight line
以上未列出的一条曲线
a curve here not listed
小提示:
重心位于从一个顶点到对边中点的中线上,距该顶点全长的三分之二处
The centroid lies two-thirds of the way from a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side
大提示:
在 固定时,把重心表示为一个定点加上 的位置向量的三分之一
With fixed, express the centroid as a fixed point plus one-third of the position vector of
解答:
也用 、 和 表示相应的位置向量。重心为 因为 和 固定,所以这是将 的位置按 缩放后再平移。因此直线轨迹仍映射成直线轨迹。
所以正确答案是 D。
Let and also denote their position vectors. The centroid is Since and are fixed, this is a translation and scaling by of the position of A straight-line locus therefore maps to a straight-line locus.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
16.
已知矩形 的一边长为 英寸,面积为 平方英寸。对角线长为 英寸的矩形 与 相似。以平方英寸为单位, 的面积为:
Given rectangle with one side inches and area square inches. Rectangle with diagonal inches is similar to Expressed in square inches the area of is:
答案:C
小提示:
的两条边长为 和
The sides of are and
大提示:
面积之比等于对应对角线之比的平方
Areas scale as the square of the ratio of corresponding diagonals
解答:
的对角线长为 。因此 所以 。
所以正确答案是 C。
The diagonal of is Therefore Thus
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
17.
18.
一个正十二边形( 条边)内接于半径为 英寸的圆。以平方英寸为单位,该十二边形的面积为:
A regular dodecagon ( sides) is inscribed in a circle with radius inches. The area of the dodecagon, in square inches, is:
19.
若抛物线 经过点 、 和 ,则 的值为:
If the parabola passes through the points and the value of is:
20.
一个五边形的五个内角成等差数列。其中必有一个角的度数为:
The angles of a pentagon are in arithmetic progression. One of the angles, in degrees, must be:
小提示:
五个成等差数列的数,其中间项等于这五项的平均数
Five terms in arithmetic progression have their middle term equal to their average
大提示:
五边形的内角和为
The interior angles of a pentagon sum to
解答:
五个角的平均数为 。对于五个成等差数列的数,中间项等于平均数,所以必有一个角为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
The average of the five angles is For five terms in arithmetic progression, the middle term equals the average, so one angle must be
Thus, the correct answer is A.
21.
已知 的一个根为 ,其中 和 为实数,这里 。则 的值为:
It is given that one root of with and real numbers, is The value of is:
无法确定
undetermined
小提示:
实系数多项式还具有与该根共轭的根
A polynomial with real coefficients also has the conjugate root
大提示:
利用两根之积和韦达定理
Use the product of the roots and Vieta’s formula
解答:
另一个根为 。两根之积为 由韦达定理得 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The other root is Their product is Vieta’s formula gives so
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
22.
用整数进制 表示的数 在下列何种情况下是某个整数的平方:
The number written in the integral base is the square of an integer, for:
仅当
only
仅当 或
and only
不存在 的取值
no value of
小提示:
把 转化为关于 的表达式
Convert to an expression in
大提示:
注意数字 要求
Remember that the digit requires
解答:
用通常的记数法, 对每个允许的进制,这都是一个平方数。由于出现了数字 ,恰好只有满足 的整数进制才可用。
所以正确答案是 D。
In ordinary notation, This is a square for every allowable base. Since digit occurs, precisely the integral bases are allowable.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
23.
在三角形 中, 是 边上的高, 是 边上的高。若 、 和 的长度已知,则 的长度:
In triangle is the altitude to and is the altitude to If the lengths of and are known, the length of is:
无法由所给信息确定
not determined by the information given
仅当 为锐角时才能确定
determined only if is an acute angle
仅当 为锐角时才能确定
determined only if is an acute angle
仅当 为锐角三角形时才能确定
determined only if is an acute triangle
以上说法均不正确
none of these is correct
小提示:
利用两条已知的高,以两种方式计算三角形的面积
Compute the triangle’s area in two ways using the two known altitudes
大提示:
求出 后,利用直角三角形
After finding use right triangle
解答:
设 、,且 。令两个面积公式相等,得到 所以 。由于三角形 在 处为直角, 无论原三角形是锐角、直角还是钝角三角形,这都能确定 ,所以前四个选项均不正确。
所以正确答案是 E。
Let and Equating two area formulas gives so Since triangle is right at This determines whether the original triangle is acute, right, or obtuse, so none of the first four choices is correct.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
24.
三台机器 、 和 合作可在 小时内完成一项工作。若单独工作, 完成该工作还需多用 小时, 还需多用一小时,而 还需多用 小时。 的值为:
Three machines and working together, can do a job in hours. When working alone, needs an additional hours to do the job; one additional hour; and additional hours. The value of is:
小提示:
三台机器各自完成工作的时间分别为 、 和
The individual completion times are and
大提示:
令各机器每小时工作量之和等于
Set the sum of the individual hourly rates equal to
解答:
工作速度满足 因此 化简得 ,即 。时间必须为正,所以 。
所以正确答案是 A。
The rates satisfy Thus which simplifies to or A time must be positive, so
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
25.
已知正方形 的边长为 英尺。作一个经过顶点 和 且与边 相切的圆。以英尺为单位,该圆的半径为:
Given square with side feet. A circle is drawn through vertices and and tangent to side The radius of the circle, in feet, is:
小提示:
令 、,并使 位于直线 上
Place and on the line
大提示:
圆心位于 的垂直平分线上,且圆心到 的距离等于半径
The center lies on the perpendicular bisector of , and its distance to equals the radius
解答:
设圆心为 。由于圆经过 , 与 相切给出 。因此 ,所以 ,且 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Place the center at Since the circle passes through Tangency to gives Therefore so and
Thus, the correct answer is C.
26.
当 取任意实数时, 的最大值为:
For any real value of the maximum value of is:
27.
令 表示对两个数 和 取较大者的运算,并规定 。令 表示取两数中较小者的运算,并规定 。以下三条法则中哪些正确?
Let represent the operation on two numbers, and which selects the larger of the two numbers, with Let represent the operation which selects the smaller of the two numbers, with Which of the following three rules is (are) correct?
仅
only
仅
only
仅 和
and only
仅 和
and only
三条都正确
all three
小提示:
把 理解为取最大值,把 理解为取最小值
Translate as maximum and as minimum
大提示:
对法则 ,分别在 小于或大于 时比较两边
For rule compare both sides separately when is below or above
解答:
取最大值满足交换律和结合律,所以 与 成立。法则 是分配恒等式 若 ,两边都等于 ;若 ,两边都等于 。因此 也成立。
所以正确答案是 E。
Maximum is commutative and associative, so and hold. Rule is the distributive identity If both sides equal if both sides equal Thus also holds.
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
28.
满足方程 的 值集合为:
The set of -values satisfying the equation consists of:
仅
only
仅
only
仅
only
仅 或
or only
多于两个实数
more than two real numbers
29.
下列哪组 值满足不等式 ?
Which of the following sets of -values satisfy the inequality
或
or
小提示:
将所有项移到一边,并分解二次式
Move all terms to one side and factor the quadratic
大提示:
两个一次因式的乘积在两根之间为负
A product of two linear factors is negative between its roots
解答:
该不等式为 。分解得 。乘积在两根之间为负,所以 。
所以正确答案是 A。
The inequality is Factoring gives The product is negative between its roots, so
Thus, the correct answer is A.
30.
考虑以下陈述:
和 都为真
为真且 为假
为假且 为真
和 都为假。
其中有多少个陈述蕴含“ 和 都为真”这一命题的否定?
Consider the statements:
and are both true
is true and is false
is false and is true
is false and is false.
How many of these imply the negation of the statement “ and are both true”?
答案:D
小提示:
只有两个命题都为真时,该否定才不成立
The negation fails only when both statements are true
大提示:
检查列出的四种真假赋值中哪些不是情形
Check which of the four listed truth assignments are not case
解答:
只要 和 中至少一个为假,“ 和 都为真”的否定就成立。这发生在情形 、 和 中,共有 种。
所以正确答案是 D。
The negation of “ and are both true” holds whenever at least one of and is false. This occurs in cases and for a total of
Thus, the correct answer is D.
31.
两个边长均为单位长度的正多边形的内角之比为 。这样的多边形对有多少组?
The ratio of the interior angles of two regular polygons with sides of unit length is How many such pairs are there?
无穷多组
infinitely many
小提示:
对于正 边形,一个内角为
For an -gon, an interior angle is
大提示:
若较小的多边形有 条边,求出较大多边形的边数,并检验满足 的整数
If the smaller polygon has sides, solve for the larger side count and test the possible integers
解答:
设较小和较大的多边形分别有 和 条边。则 解得 。由正数条件及 ,可得 、 或 。它们分别给出 、 和 。因此共有 组。
所以正确答案是 C。
Let the smaller and larger polygons have and sides. Then which gives Positivity and require or These give and respectively. Thus there are pairs.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
32.
33.
满足不等式 的 值集合为:
The set of -values satisfying the inequality is:
或
or
或
or
或
or
34.
当实数 取哪些值时,方程 有实根?
For what real values of does have real roots?
没有任何值
none
或
or
所有实数
all
小提示:
展开并合并同类项,得到关于 的二次方程
Expand and collect terms to obtain a quadratic in
大提示:
其判别式化简为
Its discriminant simplifies to
解答:
整理得 对每个实数 ,其判别式均满足 这也包括 的情形,此时原方程给出 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Rearranging gives Its discriminant is for every real This also covers when the original equation gives
Therefore, the correct answer is E.
35.
某人在下午 刚过不久外出赴宴时,看到手表的时针与分针成 角。他在下午 前返回时,发现两根指针再次成 角。他离开的分钟数为:
A man on his way to dinner shortly after p.m. observes that the hands of his watch form an angle of Returning before p.m. he notices that again the hands of his watch form an angle of The number of minutes that he has been away is:
小提示:
在这段时间内,分针每分钟比时针多转
During the interval, the minute hand gains on the hour hand at per minute
大提示:
两次观察之间,带符号的角度差从 变为
Between the two observations, the signed separation changes from to
解答:
两次观察分别位于两针重合时刻的前后两侧。带符号的角度差变化了 。由于分针每分钟比时针多转 ,所以经过的时间为 分钟。
所以正确答案是 B。
The two observations lie on opposite sides of the instant when the hands coincide. Their signed angular separation changes by Since the minute hand gains on the hour hand at per minute, the elapsed time is minutes.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
36.
若 和 都是整数,则方程 有多少组解?
If both and are integers, how many solutions are there to the equation
多于 组
more than
小提示:
将左边改写为
Rewrite the left side as
大提示:
若 ,则相邻的两个偶数因式 和 都必须是 的幂
If then the consecutive even factors and must both be powers of
解答:
令 。则 由于乘积是 的幂,两个因式都不能含有奇素因子。相差 且均为带符号的 的幂的相邻偶数,只有 和 。因此 且 ,给出 或 。共有 个有序数对 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Put Then Since the product is a power of both factors must have no odd prime divisor. The only consecutive even integers differing by that are both signed powers of are and Thus and giving or There are ordered pairs
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
37.
是边长为单位长度的正方形。分别在边 和 上取点 和 ,使得 ,且四边形 的面积最大。以平方单位计,此最大面积为:
is a square with side of unit length. Points and are taken respectively on sides and so that and the quadrilateral has maximum area. In square units this maximum area is:
38.
诺萨奇镇的人口曾经是一个完全平方数。后来人口增加 后,比某个完全平方数多一。现在人口又增加 ,再次成为完全平方数。
原来的人口是下列哪个数的倍数:
The population of Nosuch Junction at one time was a perfect square. Later, with an increase of the population was one more than a perfect square. Now, with an additional increase of the population is again a perfect square.
The original population is a multiple of:
小提示:
将三个人口数分别写成 、 和
Write the populations as and
大提示:
从 出发,检验 的正因数对,再加入条件
From test the positive factor pairs of , then impose
解答:
设原来的人口为 。则 由 , 的正数可能值为 、 和 。检验第二个条件,只有 可行,因为 人口为 ,是 的倍数。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let the original population be Then From the positive possibilities for are and Checking the second condition, only works, since The population is a multiple of
Thus, the correct answer is B.
39.
一个各边不等的三角形,其两条中线 和 的长度分别为 英寸和 英寸。其面积为 平方英寸。以英寸为单位,第三条中线的长度为:
The medians and of a triangle with unequal sides are, respectively, inches and inches long. Its area is square inches. The length of the third median, in inches, is:
小提示:
三条中线可组成一个三角形的三边,该三角形面积是原三角形面积的四分之三
The three medians form the side lengths of a triangle whose area is three-fourths the original area
大提示:
利用两条已知中线和该面积求出两种可能的夹角,再排除使两条中线相等的情形
Use the two known median lengths and that area to find the two possible included angles, then reject the case that makes two medians equal
解答:
以三条中线为边所组成的三角形,其面积为 若 是边长 与 的夹角,则 所以 。由余弦定理,第三条中线 满足 得到 或 。若 ,则两条中线相等,从而两条边也相等。由于原三角形各边不等,故 。
所以正确答案是 C。
The triangle whose sides are the three medians has area If is the included angle between its sides and then so By the law of cosines, the third median satisfies giving or The value would make two medians, and hence two sides, equal. Because the triangle has unequal sides,
Therefore, the correct answer is C.